Term
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Definition
| any substance with a high length to width ratio and suitable characteristics for being processed into fabric |
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Definition
| an assemblage of fibers that are twisted or laid together to form a continuous strand |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| things you can see by eye; length, shape and contour, and crimp |
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Definition
| things that require you to look under a microscope with high magnification you can see the component parts of the fiber |
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Definition
| process of joining many small molecules (monomers) to form one large compound |
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Definition
| the number of monomers connected to form the polymer |
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Definition
| polymers arranged in a random, disorganized way, not parallel |
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Definition
| polymer chains arranged in more ordered way, somewhat aligned with each other |
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Definition
| polymer chains are very ordered and aligned with each other, there are chemical associations between the molecules |
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Term
| amorphous characteristics |
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Definition
| weak, flexible, absorbent, low elasticity but good elongation |
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Term
| crystalline characteristics |
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Definition
| strong, stiff, not absorbent, not extensible |
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Definition
| a measure of the moisture content of the fiber in equilibrium with the standard testing atmosphere |
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Definition
| a measure of the linear density of the fiber, numerically equal to the weight in grams of a 9000 meter length of the fiber |
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Definition
| describes the appearance to the eye of how the fabric hangs |
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Definition
| describes the feeling of the fabric in the hand |
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Definition
| a measure of the tensile strength of the fiber, expressed as grams of force needed to rupture the fiber, divided by the denier. held along length and pulled apart |
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Term
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Definition
| a measure of the amount of a fiber stretches to the point of rupture, expressed as a % of the original length |
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Definition
| initial resistance to tensile force before break. a measure of stiffness. resistance to extension |
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Definition
| ability to withstand abrasive forces |
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Definition
| a measure of the ability of the fiber to recover from a stretching deformation, expressed as a % of the distance stretched |
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Definition
| a measure of the ability of the fiber to recover from a compressive (crushing) deformation |
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Term
| textiles fiber products identification act (TFPIA) |
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Definition
| fiber content by %, generic name, manufacturers name or registration number, country of origin |
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Term
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Definition
| fibers that come from plants |
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Term
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Definition
| extra long staple cotton, can be grown in Egypt, smoother because less twisting of strands |
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Term
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Definition
| extra long staple domestic cotton grown in the SW United States |
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Term
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Definition
| twists along the length, contribute to cohensiveness fibers (the ability of fibers to adhere to one another when twisted to form yarn) |
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Definition
| strong, stronger when wet, poor elastic recovery and poor resilience (wrinkling and shrinkage), high regain, flammable |
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Definition
| fabrics or yarns treated with strong sodium hydroxide solutions, usually under tension. increased tenacity, regain, dyeability, and luster |
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Term
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Definition
| stronger than cotton bc more crystalline, more absorbent than cotton, not as extensible as cotton, high regain, poor elastic recovery and resilience, flammable |
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Term
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Definition
| highly resilient, not as strong as cotton or flax but has high elongation and good elastic recovery, most absorbent of all fibers |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| itching experience by some people when wearing wool garments is not bc of the fiber's scales but due to "prickle" occurs when there are a number of course fibers in a yarn that protrude and poke at the skin |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| smoother, firmer, stronger |
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Definition
| queen of fibers, only natural occurring continuous fiber, served as the model for the synthetic fiber, very lustrous, surface is relatively smooth |
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Term
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Definition
| stronger than wool but has less elastic recovery and resilience, weak when wet, good absorbancy |
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Term
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Definition
| molten polymer is forced though the spinneret; fiber forms by freezing (cooling) |
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Term
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Definition
| polymer solution is forced through the spinneret into warm air or nitrogen; fiber forms by evaporation of solvent |
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Term
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Definition
| polymer solution is forced through the spinneret into a bath of non-solvent; fiber forms by precipitation or coagulation |
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Term
| What is the preferred spinning process? |
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Definition
| melt spinning because it requires high temperature but is cleaner |
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Term
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Definition
| 1st manufactured fiber, regenerated cellulose, wet spinning |
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Term
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Definition
| high tenacity, high wet modulus, e.g. modal and polynosic |
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Term
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Definition
| low tenacity, lower wet tenacity, low elastic recovery, low resilience, high regain, high dyability, very low abrasion resistance |
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Term
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Definition
| pure cellulose, wet spinning, superior to rayon, similar tenacity to cotton, extremely low shrinkage |
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Term
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Definition
| modified cellulosic fibers, low tenacity, very weak-high amorphous, loses 50% of strength when wet, poor elastic recovery, good resilience, heat-set,thermoplastic, sunlight degrades |
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Term
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Definition
| 1st wholly synthetic fiber, melt-spinning, heat set, high crytalline, lustrous, light, low moisture absorption (4% regain), diff. to dye, high elongation, low modulus, excellent elastic recovery and resilience (100%), susceptible to UV, high abrasion resistance |
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Term
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Definition
| women's hosiery, lingerie, hiking and active wear, and carpet |
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Term
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Definition
| heat resistant, used in protective clothing for fire fighters, bullet proof vests, high strength, high thermal stability, high modulus, light |
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Term
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Definition
| 2nd most used and produced (following cotton), melt-spinning, similar modulus to cotton (good to blend with), high modulus, high elastic recovery and resilience, superior wrinkle resistance and shrinkage, low moisture regain, wicking ability by hard to dye, withstands UV and weathering |
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Term
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Definition
| apparel, industrial, and tire cord end, auto seat belts |
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Term
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Definition
| primarily used in staple form, sweaters, mittens, fake furs, resemble wool, socks, sunlight resistant- drapery, outdoor furniture |
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Term
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Definition
| delustered, smooth, weak to med tenacity, moderate to low modulus, high elastic recovery, good to excellent resilience, low moisture regain (diff from wool), static charges can build up, heat-set |
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Term
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Definition
| flame resistant, exessive shrinkage when exposed to dry heat, good for hairpieces and wigs, outdoor fabrics, awnings, and marine application |
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Term
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Definition
| lightest fiber, zero moisture regain, melt spun, high tenacity, high abrasion, reistance, high elastic recovery, lower resilience than nylon and polyester, extremely difficult to dye, heat shrinkage |
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Term
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Definition
| apparel, wicking-activewear, indoor-outdoor carpeting, marine tow ropes, protective clothing, packaging, and insulation |
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Term
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Definition
| dry or wet spun, cont. filament form, finer than rubber, weak, but stronger than rubber, extremely low modulus, exceptional extensibility 400% with 97-99% recovery, low moisture regain, can be heat set, chemical and soil resistant |
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Term
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Definition
| add stretch to fabics and never used alone, activewear, swimwear, stretch bandages, sensitive to chlorine bleach |
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Term
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Definition
| yarns with extremely high levels of twists, possess a high degrees of toque which causes them to buckle and decrease in length |
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Term
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Definition
| the higher the number the coarser the yarn, grams in weight is equal to its denier (9000 meters of yarn) |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of hanks of yarn needed to make up one pound of yarn. indirect system |
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Term
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Definition
| ne number is equal to number of hank, higher number means less to equal a pound |
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Term
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Definition
| 40 = denier, 20= # of filaments |
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Term
Fibers of finite length are called:
single
short
hairs
staple
filament |
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Definition
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Term
The proper term for the strength of a fiber calculated so the fibers can be compared on an equal basis is
modulus
resilience
tenacity
breaking strength
breaking elongation |
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Definition
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Term
Question 3 (
A fiber of extremely long length is called:
A) filament
B) staple
C) tow
D) All of the answers are correct |
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Definition
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Term
In comparing the properties of elastic recovery and resilience, which of the following is true?
A) in elastic recovery the fiber is stretched, but in resilience testing the fiber is compressed to squash it
B) a resilient fiber is tested by pulling it along its length while the elastic recovery of a fiber is tested by crushing it and seeing how much it springs back
C) a resilient fiber will withstand a strong pulling force but a fiber with high elastic recovery will not.
D) a resilient fiber will absorb a lot of water vapor, but an elastic fiber will not |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is NOT required by the TFPIA?
the RN # or name of the manufacturer
the country of origin of the final product
care instructions
the generic composition beginning with the largest quantity first |
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Definition
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Term
The TFPIA might be modified soon to include which of the following terms?
the label must state whether the fabric is environmentally friendly
the label must state the country in which the yarn and fabric was made in addition to the location of the final production of the garment
the label must state if the product meets flammability regulations
the label must state the location of the manufacturer |
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Definition
| b) the label must state the country in which... |
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Term
A fiber with high tenacity is able to:
A) absorb a large amount of water.
B) conduct a high amount of electricity.
C) withstand a heavy pulling force.
D) resist abrasion. |
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Definition
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Term
Clothing that is made from wool that has been used before must show that information on the label. If the wool fiber in the clothing has been used before the label must state that the wool is
reused wool
recycled wool
virgin wool
lamb's wool |
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Definition
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Term
Fiber properties which decrease as crystallinity and orientation of the polymers within the fiber increases:
A) elastic recovery and resilience
B) regain and electric conductivity
C) tenacity and modulus
D) elongation and flexibility |
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Definition
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Term
We might want to use Pima cotton rather than American Upland cotton for sheets because
Pima is an Extra Long Staple cotton
Pima is a tradename for an organic cotton
Pima is a brand name so it has good quality
Pima is a mercerized cotton |
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Definition
| a) pima is an extra long staple cotton |
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Term
In the industry, the term hand means:
how strong the material is
how the material hangs
the flexibility of the material
how the material feels |
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Definition
| d) how the material feels |
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Term
If a fiber has a very high modulus, the arrangement of polymer molecules in that fiber is probably
A) Nonoriented crystalline
B) Oriented crystalline
C) Nonoriented amorphous
D) Oriented amorphous |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following terms is defined as an assemblage of fibers, twisted or laid together so as to form a continuous strand that can be made into a textile fabric?
A) fabric
B) textile
C) yarn
D) fiber |
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Definition
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Term
Mercerization is a finish used to modify the performance of:
coir
flax
cotton
ramie |
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Definition
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Term
For wool and silk, which of the following statements is INCORRECT? Both....
are protein fibers
both are damaged by sunlight
will degrade in chlorine bleach
are weak |
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Definition
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Term
Wool fibers are subject to felting. What does this mean? The fibers.......
are food to moths and carpet beetles
have a high elastic recovery
tangle together and the fabric shrinks
are itchy and prickly
have a soft hand or feel |
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Definition
| c) tangle together and the fabric shrinks |
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Term
What is the name for the fiber obtained from the first shearing of the sheep?
merino wool
virgin wool
lamb's wool
first wool |
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Definition
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Term
What is the name for the fiber obtained from the first shearing of the sheep?
merino wool
virgin wool
lamb's wool
first wool |
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Definition
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Term
. Which of the following is the correct term for an undyed, unfinished textile?
1) Undone
2) Unfinished
3) Greige
4) Mud |
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Definition
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Term
which natural fiber served as the model for the manufactured fibers?
cotton
flax
rayon
wool
silk |
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Definition
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Term
the twists in the ribbonlike fiber of cotton are called
scales
crenulations
convulsions
convolutions |
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Definition
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Term
which of the following is the arrangement of polymer molecules in a fiber that will result in greater moisture holding capacity?
amorphous
oriented crystalline
unoriented crystalline
none of these |
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Definition
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Term
the fiber property that is a measure of how far a fiber can be stretched before it breaks is
tenacity
elastic recovery
resilience
elongation |
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Definition
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Term
The nodes or dislocations seen on the surface of flax fibers are an example of the fiber's
Submicroscopic structure
Microstructure
Fine structure
Macrostructure |
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Definition
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Term
The convolutions seen on the surface of a cotton fiber are due to
A) Closing of the lumen as the fiber dries
B) The squeezing of the fiber as it grows in the boll
C) Differential swelling of the fiber because it is so absorbent
D) Flattening of the fiber as it is made into a yarn |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is NOT changed in the cotton fiber when it is mercerized?
luster
chemical composition
strength
cross sectional shape |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of cotton?
A) it wrinkles
B) it is subject to mildew
C) it has a high moisture holding capability
D) it is weaker when it is wet |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is not a characteristic of cotton?
strong
resilient
flammable
susceptible to mildew |
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Definition
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Term
which of the following is the natural fiber with the highest moisture absorbance?
rayon
cotton
silk
wool |
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Definition
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Term
which natural fiber served as the model for the man made fiber industry?
rayon
nylon
flax
cotton
silk |
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Definition
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Term
which of the following fibers is dry spun?
rayon
flax
polyamide
acetate
polyester |
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Definition
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Term
sometimes wool is uncomfortable to wear and people say they are allergic to it. What is the likely reason for their reaction?
the fibers are very moisture absorbent
the fibers may be thick and poke into the skin
the fibers have scales on their surfaces
the fibers are highly crimped and make bulky yarns
the fibers are very stiff and have little elastic recovery |
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Definition
| B) the fibers may be thick and poke into the skin |
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Term
which of the following is the correct sequence of strength of cellulosic fibers, based on their decreasing DP? i.e., from strongest to weakest
cotton>flax>rayon
flax>cotton>rayon
rayon>cotton>flax
there is no difference |
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Definition
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Term
How are fibers delustered?
A) Modify the molecular structure of the polymer
D) Add white pigment to the spinning solution
And
F) Modify the shape by changing the spinnerette hole |
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Definition
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Term
This man-made fiber is the most like cotton in properties including strength and wet modulus.
acetate
viscose rayon
polyester
lyocell |
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Definition
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Term
Common characteristics of petro-chemical based synthetic fibers include
hydrophobic
heat sensitivity and heat settability
oleophilic
All answers are correct |
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Definition
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Term
Common characteristics of petro-chemical based synthetic fibers include
hydrophobic
heat sensitivity and heat settability
oleophilic
All answers are correct |
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Definition
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Term
A fiber used in fabrics for the outdoors because of a combination of its excellent sun resistance and inherent flame-retardancy.
A) nylon
B) olefin
C) modacrylic
D) polyester |
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Definition
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Term
Why is olefin used for active sportswear?
A) All answers are correct.
B) good conductor of heat therefore a good insulator
C) excellent wicking
D) high absorbency |
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Definition
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Term
Which spinning method is used to produce nylon and polyester filaments?
A) emulsion spinning
B) melt spinning
C) polymerization spinning
D) dry spinning
E) wet spinning |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is a definition for the term "oleophilic"?
the material has an attraction for oil
the material has an attraction to water
the material is very light in weight
the material is made from oil |
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Definition
| a) the material has an attraction for oil |
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Term
When a fiber is heat set, it is exposed to a temperature warm enough to allow molecular motion but not melt it. The reason fibers are heat set is to:
A) treat the fiber so they are flame resistant
B) loosen molecules of the fiber creating amorphous regions
C) relax the tensions created by drawing and create stronger fibers
D) firm the molecular arrangement so that it can never be changed again.
E) relax the tensions created by drawing and create less strong fibers |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is a correct description of the word "thermoplastic"
A) polymer which shrinks upon exposure to heat
B) able to be heated without changing shape
C) polymer which is not affected by heat
D) able to change its shape with heat |
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Definition
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Term
The synthetic fiber developed to simulate rubber is
A) spandex
B) olefin
C) lastol
D) nylon |
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Definition
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Term
Most carpeting in the U.S. market is made of this generic type of fiber.
jute
nylon
olefin
polyester
olefin |
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Definition
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Term
The synthetic fiber that is commonly used as a replacement for wool is
A) nylon
B) acrylic
C) lyocell
D) cotton |
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Definition
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Term
If a molten polymer is pushed through a spinneret into air, the spinning process is called
A) dry
B) wet
C) open air
D) melt |
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Definition
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Term
Given that viscose rayon is relatively weak, why do the designers still use it so much?
it is absorbent so it dyes well
it gets stronger when it is wet
it has a low modulus so it is elastic
it doesn't burn like cotton |
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Definition
| a) it is absorbent so it dyes well |
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Term
Which of the following fiber would you choose for a sport sock that would be bulky and would also wick sweat away from the foot?
cotton
wool
viscose rayon
acrylic
spandex |
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Definition
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Term
The word "viscous" has to do with which of the properties of polymers?
How they melt
How they stick
How they flow
How strong they are |
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Definition
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Term
Which fiber is the best choice for indoor – outdoor carpeting?
wool
nylon
cotton
olefin
jute |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is the correct definition of DP
degree of crystallinity, the amount of order of the crystals with the long fiber axis
density of the polymer
denier of the polymer
degree of polymerization, the number of monomers combined to form a polymer |
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Definition
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Term
which of the following fibers is not delustered?
polyester
acetate
nylon
cotton |
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Definition
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Term
All of the following are ways to reduce pilling, EXCEPT:
A) Spinning fibers of different shapes
B) Using longer staple fibers in yarn
C) Using compact weaves
D) Increasing twist in yarn |
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Definition
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Term
which of the following generic groups does Modal belong to?
lyocell
rayon
acetate
lastol |
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Definition
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