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Textiles II
Final Exam
88
Art/Design
Undergraduate 2
07/30/2007

Additional Art/Design Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Name 3 Trade Names for Polyester
Definition
Fortel
Trevira
Dacron
Term
What are the properties of Polyester?
Definition
Excellent Abrasion Resistance
Excellent Tenacity
Excellent Resiliency
Poor Absorbancy
Term
Name 3 Trade Names for Nylon
Definition
Antron
Anso
Captiva
Zeftron
Nylon 6,6
Term
What are the properties of Nylon?
Definition
Excellent Abrasion Resistance
Excellent Tenacity
Excellent Elastic Recovery
Poor Absorbancy
Term
What are the properties of Olefin?
Definition
Excellent Resiliency
Excellent Dimensional Stability
Excellent Elastic Recovery
Poor Absorbancy
Term
Name 3 trade names for Olefin
Definition
Herculon
Duraguard
Spectra 900 or 1000
Term
What are the properties of Acrylic?
Definition
Moderate abrasion resistance
Mod./High elongation
Moderate Thermal Retention
Poor Absorbancy
Term
Name 3 Trade names for Acrylic
Definition
Acrilan
Creslan
Pil-Trol
Term
What are the properties of Saran?
Definition
Chemical & Stretch resistance
Good weathering Properties
tough / durable fiber
excellent recovery
good resiliency
Term
What are the properties of Vinyl?
Definition
flame retardant
Non-water soluble
good chemical resistance
excellent resistance to biological attadk
Term
What are the properties of Leather?
Definition
Durable
Stiffened by solvents
Stained easily by oils
Needs special care and cleaning
Term
Chemicals such as formaldehyde or melamine are applied to a cloth then heat set to create a variety of finishes such as water repellant, wrinkle resistant, glaze.
Definition
RESIN FINISH
Term
The design desired is printed on the fabric with a material which will resist dying. The fabric is then piece dyed washing removes the resisted colorant in the design leaving a white pattern. A different color can be applied in the resist space.
Definition
RESIT PRINTING
Term
This weave is usually made of 5,8 or 10 shafts which have the warp yarns float the same number of times above the seft then bound cone before floating again.
Definition
SATIN
Term
This weave is usually made of 5,8 or 10 shafts which have the warp yarns float the same number of times above the seft then bound cone before floating again.
Definition
SATIN
Term
The edge on either side of awoven or flat knitted fabric. Often different threads and or weaves so finished to prevent raveling.
Definition
SELVAGE
Term
A device which carries the weft yarn across the width of the loom
Definition
SHUTTLE
Term
The french word means to quilt or to pad. Woven similar to a brocatelle having two warps which in weaving achieves a puckered quilted effect.
Definition
MATELASSE
Term
A long white lustrous hair from the angora goat. It is extremely stong and will hold a permanent emboss. Usually seen as a plush pile fabric
Definition
MOHAIR
Term
French for watered, a finishing process produces a wavy or rippled pattern on the fabric.
Definition
MOIRE
Term
A plain weave strong cotton cloth
Definition
MUSLIN
Term
A finishing process in which circular brushes vigorously raise the fiber ends forming a pile-like surface.
Definition
NAPPING
Term
A melt-spun manufactured synthetic fiberdevelope in 1928 by DuPont that is stong, abrasion resistant, has excellent elasticity, Is heat set, can hold permanent pleats, is durable, has a gossamer sheen, is machine washable, has a hard gray or tan bead and
Definition
NYLON
Term
Melt-spun, manufacturered synthetic fiber made of polymerizether etheylene (an oil derivative). It is strong, abrasion resistant, chemically inert, thermoplastic and static resistant. it is easy to care for but suseptible to oil stains. It has a hard t
Definition
OLEFIN
Term
A french word meaning trimming, as in braids, gimp, tassels & cords
Definition
PASSAMENTERIE
Term
Raised loops cut interlacings of double cloth or tufts (cut loops) and other erect yarns or fibers deliberately produced on cloth which forms all or part of the surface of the fabric
Definition
PILE
Term
A fuzzy ball caused by rolling up of abraded surface fibers
Definition
PILL
Term
Extra long staple fiber with a silkky sheen, originall named for the county of orgin in Arizona
Definition
PIMA COTTON
Term
Melt-spun manufactured synthetic fiber first introducted in Europe then in the us by DuPont under the name Dacron. It has outstanding resiliency wet or dry, excellent dimensional stability after heat setting, and is the most widely used synthetic. It is
Definition
POLYESTER
Term
To upholster or use a fabric by turning it 90 degrees so the vertical warp yarns run horizontally.
Definition
RAILROAD
Term
Regenerated Cellulose Fiber
Definition
RAYON
Term
The frequency with which a pattern is seen on the width or length of fabric
Definition
REPEAT
Term
A synthetic substance used in corrective finishes to add body, reduce creasing, control shrinkage, produce luster in glazing, repel water, or supply permanent press.
Definition
RESIN
Term
Melt-spun manufactured synthetic fiber produced from acrylonitrile, it is extruded into warm air or a coagulation bath. Striations on surface of fiber.Itis hot stretched and has a dog bone or lima bean cross-section shape. It primarily used as a staple
Definition
ACRYLIC
Term
Process of producing fibers by meling polymer chips and extruding the molten polymers in fiber (filament) form, coagulation occurs by cooling.
Definition
MELT-SPUN FIBERS
Term
A type of olefin made from polymerizing propylene
Definition
POLYPROPYLENE
Term
produced synthetic polymers made from basic raw materials
Definition
SYNTHETIC FIBERS
Term
A fiber finishing step in which a manufactured fiber is elongated after spinning to alter the molecular arrangement within the fiber increasing crystallinity and orientation and resulting in a change in specfic performance properties
Definition
DRAWING
Term
Process of forcing the dope or spinning solution through the openings in a spinerette to form a fiber
Definition
EXTRUSION
Term
Which has a lower degree of color tranfer a class 2 or a class 4
Definition
CLASS 2
Term
Which has a higher degree of fading class 1 or class 3
Definition
CLASS 1
Term
What minumum physical property ratings should an upholstery fabric have?
Definition
CLASS 3 Brush Pill
50# Warp/Weft Breaking Strength
25# Weft/Warp Seam Slippage
Term
What minimum physical property ratings should a panel / upholstered wall fabric have?
Definition
35# Warp/Weft Breaking Strength
25# Warp/Weft Seam slippage
Term
What minumum physical property ratings should a drapery fabric have?
Definition
25# (W/W) for fabrics over 6oz/sq yd
15# (W/W) for fabrics under 6oz/sq yd
Term
How many double rubs constitute a heavy duty upholstery rating for each of the two testing methods?
Definition
Wyzenbeek 30,000 double rubs
Martindale 40,000 double rubs
Term
What is the difference between the Wyzenbeek and Martindale tests?
Definition
Wyzenbeek - fabric is taut & rubbed in w/w direction with cotton duck
Martindale - fabric flat mounted and rubbed in fig. 8 mostion with worsted wool.
Term
What colorfastness rating should drapery fabric have?
Definition
CLASS 4 60 hours Minimum
Term
What minimum colorfastness rating should upholstery fabric have?
Definition
Dry Crocking - CLASS 4
Wet Crocking - CLASS 3
Term
The substance from which acrylic fibers are made
Definition
ACRYLONITRILE
Term
The thimble-like nozzle through which the solution is extruded to form a fiber
Definition
SPINNERET
Term
a finishing step in the production of leather to prevent rotting of the hide or skin
Definition
TANNING
Term
The Outermost layer of leather and includes the grain features of the hide or skin. It is the highest quality of leather removed from a thick hide.
Definition
TOP GRAIN
Term
The processed skins of animals, birds, reptiles and fish
Definition
LEATHER
Term
A leather that has been brushed or napped to pull fibrils to the surface and create a softer surface and a more matte luster.
Definition
SUEDE
Term
Physically changed cellose fibers (wood pulp/cotton linters)though a fiber spinning process remain chemically unchanged.
Definition
REGENERATED CELLULOSE
Term
A manufactured regenerated cellulose fiber made froom cotton linters / wood pulp to form a staple or filament fiber that looks like silk but is lower in cost, with high absorbancy, is soft, comfortable, drapes well but wrinkles easily and scorches with hi
Definition
RAYON
Term
Lengthwise lines visible under a microscope on some manufactured rayon fibers caused by liquid lost from the fiber during the coagualtion process
Definition
STRIATIONS
Term
Process used in creating acetate, chemically & physically changes cellulose into acetate
Definition
ACETYLATION
Term
A cellulose derivative fiber that is low in cost with good drapability, smooth hand & texture used in place of silk, rather weak fiber suseptible to acetone
Definition
ACETATE
Term
Dissolves acetate, part of the acetylation process
Definition
ACETONE
Term
Most common type of rayon method used to produce rayon developed in England in 1891, low tenacity
Definition
VISCOSE
Term
Method of producing rayon
Definition
SPUN RAYON (wet)
Term
Describes a fibers sensitivity to heat. Fibers that melt or glaze at a relatively low temperature
Definition
THERMOPLASTIC
Term
Fibers that soften, melt or shrink when subjected to heat are called
Definition
HEAT SENSITIVE FIBERS
Term
A fiber forming method in which the raw material is dissolved in amine oxide, spun into a weak solution of amine oxide and precipitated out of the solution
Definition
SOLVENT SPINNING
Term
What two fibers are filament fibers but not synthetic
Definition
SILK / RAYON
Term
what types of fibers are made from chemical compounds, produced in manufacturing facilities and the materials original form is not fibrous
Definition
MANUFACTURED FIBERS
Term
A rug woven on a jacquard loom and having a velvety surface formed by the cut loops of a pile.
Definition
WILTON RUG
Term
A rug with a stiff backing and a soft, colorful cut pile usually arranged in a complex pattern.
Definition
AXMINSTER RUG
Term
Wilton rugs are typically what blend of fibers
Definition
80% Wool / 20% Nylon
Term
Rugs that measure between 27" to 3' 3" are called what?
Definition
NARROW GOODS
Term
Rugs / carpeting 12 ft. or wider are called?
Definition
BROADLOOM
Term
To measure carpeting what formula should be used?
Definition
Length x Width divided by 9
Term
Which is more durable Tufted or Woven Rugs & Why?
Definition
TUFTED is more durable because a woven can be cut or break across a weft / warp yarn causing a run.
Term
Which rug has more colorful patterns an Axminster or a Wilton?
Definition
A Spool Axminster has up to 20 colors
Term
Axminster and Wilton rugs require this special means of installation?
Definition
HAND SEWN SEAMS
Term
What determines the density of a rug?
Definition
The number of Rows & Pitches determine the rugs density like thread counts determine fineness of fabric.
Term
For synthetic fibers that are difficult to apply surface color what means is typically utilized to dye them & why?
Definition
SOLUTION DYES because the color is mixed into the dope solution and becomes part of the fiber as opposed to a topical application of color.
Term
Most Synthetic carpeting is made of what fiber?
Definition
NYLON
Term
The standard width for fabrics is what?
Definition
54"
Term
What is the differnce between a woven and printed fabric?
Definition
Woven fabrics are colored by utilizing different colored yarns and weaving them into patterns. A printed fabric has color applied to the surface of a plain ground fabric.
Term
How is leather purchaed & measured?
Definition
Leather is purchased by the hide and measure by the square foot.
Term
A narrow streak or stipe effectthat can run vertically or horizonatally or both to create subtle stripe like designs
Definition
STRIE
Term
A loosely coiled length of yarn or thread wound on a reel
Definition
SKEIN
Term
Simplest weave also the name of a fabric.
Definition
TAFFETA
Term
Trademark name for polyester fiber
Definition
POLYESTER
Term
Warp threads are arranged in the same order as they will lie in the finished cloth and areprinted before weaving giving a wavy image with no crisp edges
Definition
WARP PRINT / IKAT
Term
Is Wilton carpet braodloom or narrow goods?
Definition
NARROW GOODS
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