Term
Dark green to gray
Mineral
2 good cleavages at 87 and 93 degrees
Can be scratched with nail |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Black and glossy
Conchoidal Fracture
Fine-grained |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Pale or dark green, brown, blue, white, purple, colourless
Mineral
Transparent or Opaque
Brittle
Conchoidal Fracture
Can be scratched with nail |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Mostly Feldspar
Mostly sand
Sedimentary |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Mafic & Dark Gray to Black
Aphanitic
Igneous |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Black, green-black, brown-black
Excellent Cleavage
Splits easily into thin sheets |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Black
Sedimentary
Layered, brittle
Sooty or bright |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Angular gravel
Poorly sorted
Sediments larger than 2 mm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Mostly sand-sized shell fragments
Effervesces in HCl
Few larger shells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Colourless, white, yellow
Opaque or transparent
Effervesces in HCl
Can be scratched with a penny
Scratches fingernails |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Aphanetic
Silty
Effervesces in HCl |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Gray, brown, black, or mixture
Sedimentary
Scratches glass
Conchoidal Fracture
Composed of varieties of quartz |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Rounded gravel
Poorly sorted
2 mm sediments |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Gravel-sized shells and shell fragments
Looks like hashbrowns-ish? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Gray, white, black usually
Opaque to transparent
Scratches glass |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Salt and peppery
Plagioclase Feldspar mostly
Pegmatitic/Phanaritic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Silver as Metallic
Red tarnish
Opaque
Red-brown streak
Varies in hardness
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Colorless with purple or green inner glow
Opaque to translucent
Conchoidal Fracture
Will scratch streak plate
Excellent cleavage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Mafic
Pegmatitic/Phanaretic
Mostly green and darker minerals
Intrusive igneous |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Bright silvery gray
Tarnishes dull gray
Brittle
Breaks into cubes
Soft as fingernail |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Usually red, black, brown
Brittle
Translucent to opaque
Will scratch streak plate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Alternating light and dark layers
Banded texture from side
Metamorphic
Coarser
Foliated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Felsic Igneous
Potassium feldspar and quartz
Phaneretic (coarse-grained)
Intrusive |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Dark silvery gray to black
Greasy feel
Very soft
Can rub off like pencil lead |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Colourless, white, gray
Tabular
Transparent to translucent
Very soft
Good cleavage
Can be scratched by fingernail |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Colourless, white, yellow
Transparent to translucent
Brittle
Breaks into cubes
Salty taste |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Mostly rock fragments
Sand
Hematite |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Dark gray to black
Brittle and splintery
Can be scratched by nail
"Devil's Horns" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Dull dark
Metamorphic
Very hard
Fine-grained |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Dull dark brown
Sedimentary
Brittle
May have fossil plant fragments |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Silvery gray to black
Opaque
No cleavage
Very magnetic
Can scratch glass |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Calcite crystals
Effervesces in HCl
Metamorphic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Pebbles stretched or cut
Metamorphic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
No visible grains
Sedimentary
May have conchoidal Fracture
Efferversces in HCl |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Mostly silt or clay
Aphanetic or no visible grains
Sedimentary
Crumbles into blocks |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Colourless, yellow, brown, or red-brown
Cleavage excellent in one direction
Split into transparent sheets
Soft |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Pale or dark olive green to yellow
Conchoidal Fracture
Brittle
Scratches glass |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Spherical grains
Effervesces in HCl |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Shiny metallic luster
Wrinkled or wavy foliation surfaces
Fine-grained or none visible
Metamorphic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Colourless or white/gray
Translucent
Good cleavage in 2 directions
Can scratch glass |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Intermediate and/or green to gray
Aphanitic
Igneous
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Orange/pink
Generally the same as Plagioclase Feldspar
Can scratch glass |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Intermediate or Felsic
Igneous
Abundant tiny vesicals
Not dense
Fibrous weave, possibly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Mostly quartz
Sand grains
May contain fossils
Sedimentary |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Colorless, white, gray, or rose in lab
Transparent to translucent
Luster greasy
No cleavage
Scratches streak plate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Quartz sand grain fused together
Grains will not rub off, usually light coloured
Sandy texture
Non-foliated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Felsic pink, white, pale, brown
Phenocrysts normally really tiny
Aphanetic
Igneous
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Halite crystals
Sedimentary
Visible crystals
Brittle
Salty taste |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Scaly foliated surfaces
Sparkly crystals
Metamorphic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Mafic
Igneous
Lots of vesicles
Resembles dried sponge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Dull luster
Breaks into hard, long sheets
Flat well-developed cleavage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Colour white, gray in lab
Silky to greasy Luster
Feels greasy or soapy
Very soft |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Dark gray to black
Mafic igneous
Vesicular
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Mostly felsic
Smaller fragments than Breccia |
|
Definition
|
|
