Term
| What is an alpha 1 antagonist? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is GnRH released from the Hypothalamus? |
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Definition
| Pulsatile Fashion every 30 Mins |
|
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Term
| What does the Pulsatile Release of GnRH cause? |
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Definition
| Release of LH from the Pituitary Gland |
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Term
|
Definition
| It triggers Testosterone production by Leydig Cells |
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Term
| What Negative Feedback Inhibits the Hypothalamic Release of GnRH? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What type of Receptor does LH bind in the Testes? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the signaling pathway after binding of LH in the Testes? |
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Definition
| Activates Adenyl Cyclase, Increases cAMP, Activates PKA |
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Term
| What does PKA phosphorylate in the Testes after LH binds? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the role of CREB? |
|
Definition
| It activates transcription of Key Steroidogenesis Proteins |
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Term
| What is the most important Protein expressed by CREB in the Leydig cells by LH? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the role of StAR? |
|
Definition
| Brings Cholesterol across the MItochondrial Membrane |
|
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Term
| What is the responsibility of p450 proteins expressed in Leydig cells after the binding of LH? |
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Definition
| Catalyze the conversion of Cholesterol to Testosterone |
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Term
| Where does Testosterone diffuse to and what receptor does it bind? |
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Definition
| To the Sertoli Cells where it binds an Androgen Receptor (GPCR) |
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|
Term
| What position is modified to make Testosterone Active? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What enzyme can convert testosterone into DHT? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the benefit of DHT over Testosterone? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Which enzyme is resonsible for the metabolism of Testosterone? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What does Aromatase metabolize Testosterone to? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What percentage of Testosterone circulates unbound? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is circulating Testosterone bound to in Plasma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does Testosterone bind with a higher affinity to Albumin or SHBG? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percentage of Testosterone is converted to DHT? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percentage of Testosterone is converted to Estradiol by aromatase? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What hormone is responsible for External Genitalia |
|
Definition
| Prostate Growth, Acne, Facial Hair, and Balding?,DHT |
|
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Term
| Which Hormone is responsible for Wollfian Duct |
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Definition
| Bone Formation, Muscle, and Spermatogenesis?,Testosterone |
|
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Term
| What are the effects of Estradiol? |
|
Definition
| Bone resorption, Epiphyseal Plate Closure, and Gynecomastia |
|
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Term
| What hormone is responsible for balding? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What hormone is responsible for Gynecomastia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What hormone is responsible for Wollfian Duct development? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does Testosterone peak before puberty? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens to Testosterone Levels during puberty? |
|
Definition
| Pulse Generators increase production and levels rise, staying high until 30s |
|
|
Term
| What is used to treat precocious puberty? |
|
Definition
| Long acting GnRH antagonist like Leuprolide |
|
|
Term
| Can testosterone be taken Orally? |
|
Definition
| Nope must be modified to be Orally Active |
|
|
Term
| What modification is made to Testosterone in order for it to be orally active? |
|
Definition
| Esterify 17 alpha 17 Hydroxylgroup |
|
|
Term
| What is the orally inactive form of testosterone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What results from the alkylation of the 17 alpha postion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a potential side effect of Oral Anabolic Steroids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug is used to treat late onset puberty? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the late onset Puberty pateint is still short what else should be prescribed? |
|
Definition
| Aromatase Inhibitor to Prevent formation of Estradiol and Epiphyseal Plate Closure |
|
|
Term
| What are the effects of Testosterone in Older males? |
|
Definition
| Increases Muscle Mass, Increases Libido, Can be used in Hormone Replacement therapy, and Improves Osteoporosis |
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA of Danazol? |
|
Definition
| Orally Active Androgen Receptor Antagonist |
|
|
Term
| Is the structure of Anabolic steroids predictive of their Anabolic Activity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which anabolic steroid is preferred in athletes since it cannot be converted into Estrogen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the commonly used Anabolic Steroids? |
|
Definition
| Oxandrolone and Stanozolo |
|
|
Term
| Why are anabolic steroids different from Androgenic Drugs? |
|
Definition
| Higher Ratio of Anabolic Activity |
|
|
Term
| What are some side effects of Anabolic Steroid Use in Females? |
|
Definition
| Facial Hair, Deepening of the Voice, Acne, and Menstral Irregularities |
|
|
Term
| Which side effect in women is irreversible with Anabolic Steroid use? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some side effects of Anabolic Steroid use in Men? |
|
Definition
| Feminization, Sodium and Water Retention, and Cholestatic Hepatitis |
|
|
Term
| How does anabolic steroid use lead to Feminization in Men? |
|
Definition
| Armatase Converts it to Estradiol, Also inhibition of Endogenous GnRH |
|
|
Term
| What drug causes Cholestatic Hepatitis in Athletes who abuse it? |
|
Definition
| 17 Alpha Alkylated Derivatives |
|
|
Term
| What was an attempt to make birth control for men? |
|
Definition
| Supraphysiologic Levels of Testosterone |
|
|
Term
| What was the down side of Supraphysiologic levels of Testosterone? |
|
Definition
| Increased LDL, Lowered HDL, and Decreased Hematocrit |
|
|
Term
| What mediates side effects of GnRH antagonists? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a long acting GnRH Antagonist? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the inital response to Leuprolide? |
|
Definition
| Initial Increase in LH and FSH |
|
|
Term
| What is the long term effects of Leuprolide? |
|
Definition
| Desensitizaton of the Pituitary Gland leading to decreased LH Production |
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA of Finasteride? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drugs can be used to treat BPH? |
|
Definition
| Leuprolide, Flutamide, Terazosin, and Finasteride |
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA of Leuprolide in treating BPH? |
|
Definition
| Long term inhibits release of LH and FSH which decreases Testosterone and DHT production |
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA id Flutamide in treating BPH? |
|
Definition
| Androgen Receptor Blocker |
|
|
Term
| What drug is used to treat advanced protate cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA of Finasteride for treating BPH? |
|
Definition
| 5 Alpha Reductase Inhibtor, blocks production of DHT |
|
|
Term
| What drug is used to treat balding and hirutism? |
|
Definition
| Finasteride, blocks conversion to DHT |
|
|
Term
| Should Finasteride be used in pregnant women? |
|
Definition
| No could lead to Viralization of male fetus |
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA of Terazosin, prazosin, doxazosin, and tamsulosin in the treatment of BPH? |
|
Definition
| Alpha 1 Adrenergic Antagonist, Relaxes prostate smooth muscle |
|
|
Term
| What is another effect systemically of Terazosin? |
|
Definition
| Salt and Water Retention if not used with Diuretic |
|
|
Term
| What drug is used to treat concurrent HTN and BPH? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drugs are used to treat hirutism? |
|
Definition
| Spironolactone and Progestin Antiandrogens |
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA of Spironolactone? |
|
Definition
| Androgen Receptor Antagonist |
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA of cyproterone? |
|
Definition
| Progestin antiandrogen used to treat hirutism? |
|
|
Term
| What are Progestin Antiandrogens used given with to treat Hirutism? |
|
Definition
| An Estrogen based Birth Control |
|
|
Term
| Long term tratment with high doses of testosterone derivatives: |
|
Definition
| All of the Above: Decreases HDL, Increases LDL, Increases Muscle Mass, Inhibits SPermatogenesis |
|
|
Term
| A 27 year old male has been castrated. Which hormone will have increased circulating levels? |
|
Definition
| LH due to no Testosterone For Feedback Inhibition |
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