Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| slow, writhing, snakelike involuntary movements (cerebral palsy) |
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Term
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Definition
| irregular spasms with periods of hypotonia, involuntary |
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Term
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Definition
| test in which the pt stands upright; feet slightly apart arms at sides with eyes closed - watch for swaying |
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Term
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Definition
| posturing which appears when there are lesions of the corticospinal tracts |
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Term
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Definition
| posturing which appears when there are lesions of midbrain, pons, diencephelon |
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Term
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Definition
| sign in which pain and resistance are met when knee and hip are flexed and then straightened |
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Term
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Definition
| sign in which the knees involuntarily rise when the head is brought to the chest |
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Term
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Definition
| the _____ ____ tests is used the check for CNS _________ damage in a comatose patient |
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Term
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Definition
| serial xrays with contrast media to assess vascular lesions and tumors |
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Term
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Definition
| test in which contrast media may or may not be use to detect soft tissue changes |
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Term
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Definition
| a ____ is rapidly replacing cerebral angiography for CVA's |
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Term
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Definition
| xray of spinal cord/vertebral column after dye injects into subarachnoid space |
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Term
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Definition
| test in which radioactive materials are injected into brain and images show which areas take up the radioactivity - measures metabolic activity |
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Term
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Definition
| test that uses needle electrodes to muscle and peripheral nerves to assess electrical activity |
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Term
| tension, migraine, cluster |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| periodic episodes of migraines may last for ____ |
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Term
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Definition
| when an aura occurs prior to a migraine, it is responding to ____ in the head |
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Term
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Definition
| at onset of a migraine, there is a decline in ______ levels |
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Term
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Definition
| migraines occur from increased permability of _______ when seratonin levels decline |
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Term
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Definition
| headache that occurs 2-3 hours after going to sleep and lasts 15 minutes to 1.5 hours. |
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Term
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Definition
| type of headache which may result in rhinorrhea, lacrimation, facial flushing, sweating, facial edema, ptosis on affected side |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the brain that is responsible for thought, abstract thinking, judgement, motor activity, reaction, memory, concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| portion of the brain that integrates sensory information determining spatial locations of objects |
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Term
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Definition
| part of brain responsible for auditory processing and home to auditory cortex, speech, and vision |
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Term
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Definition
| area that is located in the temporal lobe and is responsible for memory formation |
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Term
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Definition
| portion of the brain that is responsible for fine motor control of the hands and lower extremities |
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Term
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Definition
| the thalamus and the hypothalamus are located in the ______ which is the upper most portion of the brain stem |
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Term
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Definition
| portion of the brain that is responsible for sensory and motor and focuses on all body sensations except smell |
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Term
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Definition
| portion of the brain that regulates the CNS (temp control, water balance, appetite, thirst, cardiovascular, circadian rhythm, sexual activity |
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Term
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Definition
| portion of the brain that controls the release of hormones from pituitary gland |
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Term
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Definition
| portion of the brain that contains CN 3 (oculomotor), 4 (trochlear), and controls wakefulness of brain |
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Term
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Definition
| CN 5,6,7,8 are located in the _____ |
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Term
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Definition
| portion of the brain that controls rate and length of respirations |
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Term
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Definition
| CN 9,10,11, and 12 are located in the _______ |
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Term
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Definition
| portion of the brain that regulates rhythm of respirations, rate, strength of pulse, vasomotor activity, sneezing, cough, swallowing, vomiting |
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Term
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Definition
part of brain that coordinates smooth muscle movement; posture, equilibrium, fine motor, muscle tone
- can be damaged w/ alcoholism |
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Term
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Definition
| ___mL of CSF is produced per day |
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Term
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Definition
| outer most covering of brain and spinal corf |
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Term
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Definition
| middle layer of the meninges |
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Term
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Definition
| inner most layer of the meninges |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| states that because the skull leaves no room for expansion and increase in intracranial volume is at the expense of another component |
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Term
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Definition
| CSF fluid is removed through the ___________ |
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Term
| cerebral perfussion pression (CPP) |
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Definition
| pressure blood flow to brain tissue |
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Term
| cerebral perfussion pression (CPP) |
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Definition
| main indicator of circulatory systems ability to infuse brain |
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Term
| increased - decreased - respiration |
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Definition
| increased ICP can result in _____ systolic B/P, _____ pulse, and altered _______ patters (Cushings Triad) |
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Term
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Definition
| decreased CO will ______ ICP |
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Term
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Definition
| decreased O2 to brain cells causes tissue death which leads to _____ and increased ___ |
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Term
| cushings reflex - respirations |
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Definition
simultaneous hypertension and tachycardia with a drop in CPP but NO bradycardia
- over time it will cause bradycardia and altered _______ |
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Term
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Definition
| increased ICP displaces brain tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| if herniation occurs in the ___ lobe or _____, death is inevitable |
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Term
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Definition
| excess accumulation of water in intra and/or extracellular spaces |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid originating from the blood vessesl that accumulates around the cells in the head |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid accumulating within cells as a result of injury |
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Term
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Definition
| most common cytotoxic edema occurs in cerebral _______ |
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Term
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Definition
| edema to optic disk in retina, noted with IICP |
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Term
| cingulate - uncal- infratentional |
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Definition
| three types of cerebral herniation |
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Term
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Definition
worst cerebral hernia
- death is imminent |
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Term
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Definition
| lumbar punctions are typically not done with increased ICP due to the possibility of _____ ______ due to sudden release of pressure from skull |
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Term
| dantrolene - thorazine - demerol |
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Definition
| three drugs used to reduce shivering in pts with ICP |
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Term
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Definition
| pts w/ increased ICP should be placed on fluid restrictions of ____ mL/day |
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Term
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Definition
| high dose _______ are used to reduce ICP |
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Term
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Definition
| _____PaCO2 constricts cerebral blood vessels which drops ICP |
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Term
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Definition
| the ______ hematoma forms from a tear in the meningeal ARTERY between the dura and the skull |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| subacute epideral hematomas occur within ____ of injury |
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Term
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Definition
| hematoma that forms slowly under the dura as a result of tears in the viens crossing the subdural space |
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Term
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Definition
| multiple hemorrhages occur around a contused area |
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Term
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Definition
| hemorrhage in which bleeding occurs directly into the brain, the ventricles, or the subarachnoid space |
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Term
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Definition
| max swelling to the brain occurs _____ after injury |
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Term
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Definition
| injury that results from the brain hitting one side of the skull and then against the other |
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Term
| DIA (diffuse axonal injury) |
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Definition
results when swelling of the brain causes the nerve cell axons to tear
- 90% of people with this remain in PVS |
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Term
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Definition
| hydrocephalus can occur when the ______ is obstructed or narrowed |
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Term
| communication hydrocephalus |
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Definition
| caused by impaired cerebrospinal fluid resorption in the absence of any CSF-flow obstruction between the ventricles and subarachnoid space. |
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Term
| non-communication hydrocephalus |
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Definition
| caused by a CSF-flow obstruction ultimately preventing CSF from flowing into the subarachnoid space (either due to external compression or intraventricular mass lesions). |
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Term
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Definition
| with meningitis, proteins in CSF is _______ and glucose in CSF is _______ |
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Term
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Definition
| the PVC (Pneumococcal conjugate) vaccine is given as a series of ___ doses |
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Term
| haemophilus influenza Type b (Hib) |
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Definition
| microorganism that is the leading cause of bacterial meningitis amoung children under 5 |
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Term
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Definition
| microorganism that is the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in children 2-18 years |
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Term
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Definition
| petechial or purpuric raches are signs of a _____________ |
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Term
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Definition
| in bacterial meningitis, _______ can cause blindness |
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Term
| Waterhouse Friderichsen Syndrome |
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Definition
| condition associted with meningitis that causes DIC (decreased platelets), circulatory collapse, adrenal hemorrhage, shock |
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Term
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Definition
| decadron is used to treat ________ |
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Term
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Definition
| Dilantin is used to treat _______ |
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Term
| high protein, high calorie |
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Definition
| a _____ diet is given to pts w/ meningitis |
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Term
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Definition
| pathogen that most often causes viral meningitis |
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Term
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Definition
| encephalitis is cause by _______ |
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Term
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Definition
| the first sign of encephalitis is ________ symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
| two organisms that commonly cause brain abcesses |
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Term
| meningitis - encaphalitis |
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Definition
| symptoms of a brain abcess are similar to _____ and ______ |
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Term
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Definition
| 65% of all brain tumors are ______ |
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Term
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Definition
| preferred treatment for brain tumors |
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Term
| stereostatic radiosurgery |
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Definition
| procedure that implants radiation at tumor site. Used when surgery is not an option |
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Term
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Definition
| first oral med to cross the BBB |
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Term
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Definition
| repair of cranial defect from trauma, malformations, or placing artificial material to close damaged skull bones |
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Term
| flat or 10 degrees elevated |
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Definition
| postion for pts that have had posterior fossa brain surgery |
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Term
| elevate HOB 30-45 degrees |
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Definition
| position for pts that have had anterior or middle fosa brain surgery |
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Term
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Definition
| maximum swelling occurs ____ after brain surgery |
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Term
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Definition
| post brain surgery, the dressing will stay in place for ______ |
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Term
| pneumonia, PE, septicemia |
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Definition
| leading causes of death for people with SCI's |
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Term
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Definition
| severing of the spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| _____ ______ syndrome results in motor deficits bowel/bladder dysfunction, or no dysfunction |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ _______ syndrome results in loss of pain, temperature, and motor function below the site of the injury |
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Term
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Definition
| _____ ______ syndrome results in ipsilateral paralysis or dysfunction |
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Term
| posterior cord syndrom (Dorsal) |
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Definition
| _____ ______ syndrome results in loss of proprioception |
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Term
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Definition
| spinal fusion is used for ______ spinal injuries |
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Term
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Definition
| disease in which autoimmune disease activates T cells which travel through the BBB and cause a reaction in the CNS which dissolves myeline sheaths |
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Term
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Definition
| blurred or patchy vision associated with MS |
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Term
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Definition
| name for when an MS pat flexes their neck and a shock is sent down the spine |
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Term
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Definition
| nerve conduction enhancing drug for MS |
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Term
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Definition
sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator used to treat MS
- may increase risk of infections |
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Term
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Definition
| surgery used to treat tremors |
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Term
| antihistimes - beta blockers |
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Definition
| two types of drugs used to treat tremors from Parkinsons |
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Term
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Definition
| _____ promote the release of dopamine in Parkinsons for unknown reasons |
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Term
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Definition
| seizure type that involves stiffening or rigidity of muscles of the arms and legs and ussually lasts 10 to 20 seconds followed by loss of consciousness |
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Term
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Definition
| siezures that present as a brief generalized jerking or stiffness of extremities |
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Term
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Definition
| siezure that causes a sudden momentary loss of consciousness (drop attack) |
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Term
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Definition
| siezures that occur with no clear cause |
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Term
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Definition
| infantile spasms ussually occur in the first _____ of life |
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Term
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Definition
| antiseizure drug used if other moeds fail |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ hygeine is important with antisiezure meds |
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Term
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Definition
| antiseizure med that can not be taken with grapefruit juice |
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Term
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Definition
| phase before the siezure begins |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| nerve that may be stimulated to treat epilepsy |
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Term
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Definition
| insoluble deposits of protein laid down with Alzheimers |
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Term
| memory and cogintive - hippocampus - cerebral cortex |
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Definition
| amyloid plaques (beta amyloids) 1st attack _____ and _____ functions, then _______, then ____________ |
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Term
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Definition
| abnormal collections of twisted proteing threads inside nerve cells with Alzheimers |
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Term
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Definition
| neurofibrillary tangles are also called ____ |
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Term
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Definition
| alzheimers causes loss of connections between _____ and ________ |
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Term
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Definition
| difficult speaking that occurs with Alzheimers |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of the ability to carry out learned or purposeful movements caused by Alzheimers |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of the ability to recognize objects, persons, sounds, shapes and smells that occurs with Alzheimers |
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Term
| cholenesterase inhibitors |
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Definition
| drugs used to treat memory and cognitive disabilities with Alzheimers |
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Term
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Definition
| drugs used to treat behavior problems with Alzheimers |
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Term
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Definition
| herbal supplement that improves blood flow to brain in early AD |
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Term
| restrict, reassess, reconsider, rechanel, reassure, review |
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Definition
| 6 R's of behavior management |
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