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test4CH5
memory
40
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
12/09/2012

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

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Term
memory
Definition
the ability to store and retrieve information over time
Term
encoding
Definition
the process by which we transform what we perceive, think, or feel into an enduring memory
Term
storage
Definition
the process of maintaining information in memory over time
Term
retrieval
Definition
the process of bringing to mind information that has been previously encoded and stored
Term
elaborate encoding
Definition
the process of actively relating new information to knowledge that is already in memory
Term
visual imagery encoding
Definition
the process of storing new information by converting it into mental pictures
Term
organizational encoding
Definition
the act of categorizing information by noticing the relationships among a series of items
Term
memory storage
Definition
the process of maintaining information in memory over time
Term
sensory memory storage
Definition
the place in which sensory information is kept for a few seconds or less
Term
iconic memory
Definition
a fast-decaying store of visual information
Term
echoic memory
Definition
a fast-decaying store of auditory information
Term
short-term memory store
Definition
a place where non-sensory information is kept for more than a few seconds but less than a minute
Term
rehearsal
Definition
the process of keeping information in short-term memory by mentally repeating it
Term
chunking
Definition
combining small peices of information into larger clusters or chunks that are more easily held in short-term memory
Term
working memory
Definition
active maintenance of information of short-term storage
Term
long-term memory storage
Definition
a place in which information can be kept for hours, days, weeks, or years
Term
anterograde amnesia
Definition
the inability to transfer new information from the short-term store into the long-term store
Term
retrograde amnesia
Definition
the inability to retrieve information that was acquired before a particular date, usually the date of an injury or operation
Term
long-term potentiation (LTP)
Definition
enhanced neural processing that results from the strengthening of synaptic connections
Term
retrieval clue
Definition
external information that is associated with stored information and helps bring it to mind
Term
encoding specificity principle
Definition
the idea that a retrieval cue can serve as an effective reminder when it helps re-create the specific way in which information was initially encoded
Term
state-dependent retrieval
Definition
the tendency for information to be better recalled when the person is in the same state during encoding and retrieval
Term
transfer-appropriate processing
Definition
the idea that memory is likely to transfer from one situation to another when we process information in a way that is appropriate to the retrieval cues that will be available later
Term
explicit memory
Definition
the act of consciously or intentionally retrieving past experiences
Term
implicit memory
Definition
the influence of past experiences on later behavior and performance, even though people are not trying to recollect them and are not aware that they are remembering them
Term
procedural memory
Definition
the gradual acquisition of skills as a result of practice, or "knowing how" to do things
Term
priming
Definition
an enhanced ability to think of a stimulus such as a word or object, as a result of recent exposure to the stimulus
Term
semantic memory
Definition
a network of associated facts and concepts that make up our general knowledge of the world
Term
episodic memory
Definition
the collection of past personal experiences that occurred at a particular time and place
Term
retroactive interference
Definition
situations in which later learning impairs memory for information acquired earlier
Term
proactive interference
Definition
situations in which earlier learning impairs memory for information acquired later
Term
absentmindedness
Definition
a lapse in attention that results in memory failure
Term
prospective memory
Definition
remembering to do things in the future
Term
blocking
Definition
a failure to retrieve information that is available in memory even though you are trying to produce it
Term
memory misattribution
Definition
assigning a recollection or an idea to the wrong source
Term
source memory
Definition
recall of when, where, and how information was acquired
Term
suggestibility
Definition
the tendency to incorporate misleading information from external sources into personal recollections
Term
bias
Definition
the distorting influences of present knowledge, beliefs, and feelings on recollection of previous experiences
Term
persistence
Definition
the intrusive recollection of events that we wish we could forget
Term
flashbulb memories
Definition
detailed recollections of when and where we heard about shocking events
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