-similar effect as PCN, used as substitute if allergic to PCN

-treat: URI, sinus, GI, skin, impetigo, STD's

-low dose is bacteriostatic, high dose is bacteriocidal

-oral, NEVER IM (painful), IV slowly due to irritation (phlebitis)

treat: mycoplasma pneumonia & Legionnaire's disease

-can cause sudden cardiac death w/ other ATB, antifungal, & calcium channel blockers

-developed after erythromycin to treat many bacterial infections

-one/day extended release tablet to be taken for 7 days

-treat: URI, & lower resp.

-dose: 250-500 mg/day po, 500 mg/day IV

SE: abd. cramping, rash, n/v/d

-Adverse: hepatotoxic at high doses, superinfection, ototoxic (hearing loss)

-drug-drug: increased level of warfarin & anticonvulsants, theophylline, erythromycin

-not used often

-similar to PCN, good substitute for PCN allergic

-SE: abd. cramping, stomatitis, rash, colitis, anaphylactic shock

-drug-drug: incompatible w/ phenytoin (Dilantin), barbiturates, ampicillin, aminophyllin

-Examples: clindamycin (Cleocin)-150-450 mg po, staph, pseudomonas

lincomycin (Lincocin) - 500 mg po

-treat drug resistant staph aureus, PCN allergic for cardiac surgical prophylaxis, pseudomembraneous colitis from c.difficile

-used often as a last resort if other meds fail

-drug levels need to be monitored

-dose: 500 mg IV slowly

SE: ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, rash, chills & fever, "red man syndrome"

Adverse: cardiac arrest, Steven-Johnson syndrome (blistering severly), neutropenia( low neutrophils), HTN

-ketolide

-adult only

-treat strep pneumonia, h. influenza, acute bronchitis, acute sinusitis, CAP

-dose: 400 mg

-SE: stomatitis, gastritis, candidiasis

Adverse: exacerbate MG

-drug-drug: stains increase level, subtherapeutic w/ phenytoin (Dilantin), anticonvulsants

-1st broad spectrum against spirochetes, mycobacteria

-used in combination to eradicate h. pylori

-treat acne (po & topical)

-resistance common w/ pneumococcal & gonococcal infections

-teratogenic in 1st trimester

-contraindicated in preg women in 3rd trimester & children under 8 b/c discolors enamel to grayish/brown

-outdated drugs become toxic

-short-acting tetracyclines taken on empty stomach, not w/ dairy products

-treat uncommon gram +/-, resp., skin, STD

-dose: 100 mg po, 100-200 mg IV

SE: rash, headache, photosensitivity

Adverse: superinfection, hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, CNS toxic, Pseudomembraneous colitis

drug-drug: avoid w/ magnesium & almuminum antacids, calcium or iron products (prevents absorption), oral contraceptives less effective

-treat complicated infections-skin & intraabdominal

-similar SE-rash, headache, photosensitivity

-IV only

Example: tigecycline (Tygacil) - 100 mg IV first, then 50 mg IV

-treat e.coli, proteus, pseudomonas

-streptomycin, neomycin (Mycifradin), gentamycin (garamycin)

-1st aminoglycoside developed

-used to treat TB, very ototoxic; now treat bubonic plague & tularemia

-treat serious infections, mostly IV

-SE: rash, tremors, tinnitus, numbness, photosensitivity

-Adverse: ototoxic, nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, superinfection

drug-drug: increases effect of warfarin, ototoxic w/ loop diuretics (Lasix)

-effective against MRSA

-dose: 3-5 mg/kg/day, IV, IM

-caution with CHF, Parkinson's, MG, elderly, renal disease

-monitor LFT's, BUN, Creatinine

-can reduce K+ & Mg+

-monitor VS, I&O

-Monitor labs for renal, liver function, K+, Mg+

-Monitor peak and trough levels

-Assess baseline hearing for loss

-Monitor for SE (stomatitis, thrush, vaginitis)

-treat UTI, bone/joint, LRI, gastroenteritis, gonorrhea

-ciprofloxin (Cipro): 250-750 mg po, 200-400 mg IV

-gatifloxacin (Tequin): 400 mg, contraindicated in DM

-treat bone, joint, LRI, renal

-dose: 500 mg po, IV

-SE: abd. cramps, headache, dizziness, fatigue, tinnitus, insomnia, photosensitivity

-Adverse: seizures, dysrhythmias, pseudomembraneous colitis, Steven-Johnson syndrome

-drug-drug: avoid antacids & iron (decrease absorption), increased effect of oral hypoglycemic

drug-lab: elevated LFT's

-monitor LFT, BUN, Cr

-monitor I&O-increase fluids

-take w/ food to diminish GI distress

-monitor for superinfection

-monitor glucose levels

-not often used

-treat complicated infections (septicemia)

-IV only, monitored by peak & trough

-daptomycin (Cubicin), chloramphenical (Chloromycetin), quinupristin (synercid)

-SE: HTN, anemia, numbness, hypotension, dizziness, painful urination, constipation, v/d

-Adverse: rhabdomyolysis w/ statins

-drug-drug: increased bleeding w/ warfarin

-treat severe infections
-TOXIC

-IV

-treat VRE bacteremia

-IV, monitor for thrombophlebitis