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| broad coalitions of individuals who organize to win elections in order to enact a commonly supported set of public policies |
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| document that lays out a party's core beliefs and policy proposals for each presidential election |
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| percentage of voters who are likely to choose a party's candidates in an election |
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| members of government who share the same party affiliation and work together to accomplish the party's electoral and policy goals |
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| internal structure of a political party at the city, county, state, and federal levels |
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| attachment or allegiance to a political party partisanship |
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| enrollment required prior to voting to establish eligibility |
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| group of party members in a legislature |
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| top level of national political parties; coordinates national presidential campaigns |
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| occupant of elected office |
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| top level of state political parities; helps recruit and raise money for statewide candidates and drafts state political policies |
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| first level of political parties; recruits candidates for lower-level elected office, registers voters and ensures they get to the polls on election day |
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| election held after an initial primary in which voters select from the top two primary candidates, guaranteeing a candidate's nomination by majority vote |
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| election in which voters choose their elected officials |
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| primary election in which the voter must affiliate with a party before casting a vote |
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| primary election in which party-affiliated voters cast votes and nonaffiliated voters can choose which party's primary to vote in |
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| primary election in which voters do not have to affiliate with a party before voting |
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| list of candidates who are running for elected office, used by voters to make their choices |
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| individual selected by party voters in a primary or caucus election who is committed to supporting a particular presidential nominee at the party's national nominating convention |
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| presidential party caucus |
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| meeting of party members in town hall, schools, and even private homes to choose a presidential party nominee |
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| electoral system in which whoever wins the most votes in an election wins the election |
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| McGovern-Fraser commission |
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| democratic party commission whose reforms of the party's presidential nominating system increased access by underrepresented groups |
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| proportional representation |
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| electoral system that assigns multiple seats to a geographic district according to the proportion of votes a political party receives in an election |
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| democratic party delegates who have a vote at the national nominating convention on the basis of party status or position in government and are free to support the presidential nominee of their choice |
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| holding many primaries simultaneously early in the year |
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| defined by Madison as any group that laces its own interests above the aggregate interests of society |
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| initially, those who supported the Constitution during the ratification period; later the name of the political party established by supporters of Alexander Hamilton |
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| those who opposed the new proposed constitution during the ratification period |
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| political party formed by Thomas Jefferson to oppose the strong central government policies of the Federalists |
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| political party formed to oppose the Jackson Democrats |
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| Grassroots movement to abolish slavery |
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| minor policial parties that present a third alternative to the two dominant political parties in the American political system |
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| political system in which government programs and benefits are awarded based on political loyalty to a party or politician |
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| party organization leader who controlled the distribution of public funds by rewarding party supporters and punishing party opponents |
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| party organization dominated by a "boss" who controlled the distribution of public jobs and commanded groups of voters to support his preferred candidates |
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| coalitions of democrats and republicans who believed that government had been captured by corrupt elites who were using government resources to enrich themselves rather than serve citizens |
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| system of employment in the federal bureaucracy under which employees are chosen and promoted based on merit |
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| voting system in which state governments run election and provide voters the option of choosing candidates from multiple parties; also called the secret ballot |
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| theory that if voters select candidates on the basis of ideology and everyone participates equally, then in a two-party race, the party closer to the middle will win |
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| ideological viewpoint that falls between conservative, can be associated with democrats or republicans, and does not hold consistently strong ideas about whether government should be involved in people's lives |
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| singe-member plurality system |
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| electoral system that assigns one seat in a legislative body to represent citizens who live in a defined area (a district) based on which candidate wins the most votes |
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| vote in which the winner needs to win more votes than any other candidate |
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| vote in which the winner need to win 50 percent +1 of the votes cast |
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| voter or candidate who is not affiliated with a political party |
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| voter identification with a political party in repeated elections |
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| set of consistent political views |
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| Franklin D. Roosevelt's program for ending the Great Depression through government intervention in the economy and a set of safety-net programs for workers |
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| ideological viewpoint that ahs fiath in government to improve people's lives, believing that private efforts are insufficient. In the social sphere, liberals usually support diverse lifestyles and tend to oppose any government action that seeks to shape personal choices |
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| ideological viewpoint that distrusts government, believing that private efforts are more likely to improve people's lives. In the social sphere, conservatives usually support traditional lifestyles and tend to believe a government can play a valuable role in shaping personal choices |
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| long-term shift in voter allegiance from one party to another |
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| a reluctance by voters to identify themselves with either party, often accompanied by increased split-ticketing voting |
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| practice of voting for candidates from different parties for different elected offices in a single election |
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| parties that offer the electorate a clear and distinct range of policies and programs, thus providing voters a means for holding the party in government accountable for policy outcomes |
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| voting in congress according to party position, so that a majority of one party votes against a majority of the other party |
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