Term
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Definition
shaking of the ground caused, most often, by the sudden release of energy stored in
elastically-strained rocks (Elastic Rebound Theory) |
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Term
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Definition
| the place within the Earth where energy is released |
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Term
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Definition
| the point on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus |
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Term
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Definition
vibrational energy waves that travel outward in all directions from the
focus. |
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Term
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Definition
| machine used to measure seismic waves |
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Term
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Definition
| data produce by a seismograph |
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Term
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Definition
1. travel along earth's surface
2.slowest seismic wave at 2.5 km (1.5 miles) per second
3.responsible for much earthquake damage |
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Term
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Definition
| seismic waves that travel through the interior of the Earth |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1.compressional wave.
2.fastest seismic waves 6 km (4 miles) per second.
3.transmitted through solids and liquids |
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Term
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Definition
1.shear wave
2.slower at 3.5 km (2 miles) per second
3.transmitted only through solids |
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Term
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Definition
| rocks move up and down perpendicular to the direction of the wave |
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Term
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Definition
| alternating compression and expansion of the rock in the direction of the wave |
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Term
| Locating an earthquake's epicenter |
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Definition
1.Distance of a seismograph from the epicenter is determined by the difference in arrival times of P and S waves.
2.Data from 3 seismic stations is used to triangulate the location of the epicenter |
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Term
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Definition
1.Mercalli Scale
2.Richter Scale
3.Moment Magnitude Scale |
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Term
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Definition
| based on damage to buildings |
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Term
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Definition
1.Based on amplitudes (wave heights) of the largest seismic waves
2.Logarithmic Scale |
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Term
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Definition
an increase of 1 on the scale:
=10 fold increase in intensity and a
=30 fold increase in energy released |
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Term
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Definition
a measure of earthquake strength base on:
1.rupture size
2.rock properties
3.amount of ground displacement along the fault |
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Term
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Definition
1.Most earthquakes occur along plate boundaries.
2.Depth of earthquake foci is related to type of plate boundary
3.Intraplate earthquakes |
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Term
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Definition
| shallow (< 50 km). Mechanism is not well understood |
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Term
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Definition
1.Oceanic divergent boundaries
2.Continental rifts, collision zones and transforms
3.Subduction zones |
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Term
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Definition
1.deep (up to 700 km).
2.Wadati-Benioff zones |
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Term
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Definition
| earthquakes that occur in the subducting slab |
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Term
| Continental rifts, collision zones and transforms |
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Definition
shallow to moderate (< 80
km) |
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Term
| Oceanic divergent boundaries |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1.Ground Motion
2.Liquifaction
3.Landslides
4.Fire
5.Seismic Sea Waves (Tsunamis) |
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Term
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Definition
destruction varies:
1.Type of ground surface–soft sediments amplify vibrations more than solid rock
2.Structural design of buildings |
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Term
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Definition
1. Short-term Predictions
2. Long-term Predictions |
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Term
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Definition
1.Monitoring of phenomena such as: ground uplift and subsidence, strain in rocks
2.no reliable method |
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Term
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Definition
1.attempts to establish a recurrence interval
2.Seismic gaps |
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Term
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Definition
| areas known to be under strain that have not produced earthquakes |
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Term
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Definition
based on:
a.historically dated events
b.dating of fault and quake activity |
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