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| unprecedented merging of Christianity and culture during high middle ages. midieval church ran schools, licensed universities, owned land, rebuked kings, engaged in own politics, and had legal control over some issues |
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| papal court. rose in 12th century. was staffed by the college of cardinals. |
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| reigned 1198-1216. became pope at the age of 37, youngest ever to hold office. was very involved with politics and even excommunicated the king and put england under interdict |
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| strike in with church shuts down sacramental system(baptism, penance, etc.) |
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| council pressured the clergy to fulfill pastoral duties of preaching, saying mass, and hearing confession. required christians to attend mass once a year |
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