Term
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Definition
| any relatively durable change in behavior or knowledge that is due to experience. |
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Term
| associative learning (definition) |
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Definition
| learn associations between events due to conditioning. |
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Term
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Definition
unconditioned stimulus -> unconditioned response
unconditioned stimulus + conditioned stimulus -> unconditioned response
conditioned stimulus -> conditioned response |
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Term
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Definition
| initial stage of learning, where associations between stimuli are formed |
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Term
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Definition
| CR occurs less and less when CS is presented many times without UCS |
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Term
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Definition
| weakened CR can reappear after some time passes without CS |
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Term
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Definition
| responding similarly to new stimuli similar to CS |
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Term
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Definition
| organism does NOT respond similarly to new stimuli similar to original conditioned stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| associate response/behaviors with their consequences |
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Term
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Definition
| sound proof with lever, food distributer, light |
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Term
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Definition
| rewards for small steps towards larger goal |
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Term
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Definition
| the stimulus that precedes a response becomes signal that the response will result in a reinforcer |
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Term
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Definition
| ANY consequence that STRENGTHENS a behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| the addition (+) of a reward increases frequency of behavior (+) |
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Term
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Definition
| the removal of something bad (-) increases frequency of behavior (+) |
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Term
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Definition
| any consequence that WEAKENS behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| the addition (+) of something bad to decrease the frequency of behavior (-) |
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Term
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Definition
| removal of something good (-) to decrease the frequency of behavior (-) |
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Term
| effective punishment (5 things) |
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Definition
1. add punishment swiftly
2. use punishment just severe enough to be effective
3. make punishment consistent
4. explain the punishment
5. use non-corporeal punishment |
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Term
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Definition
| conditioned taste aversion: getting sick after eating. just 1 pairing = conditioned. |
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Term
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Definition
| learning by watching others |
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Term
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Definition
| person demonstrating behavior in observational learning |
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Term
| Bandura et. al experiment |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| preserves info in its original sensory form long enough to be selected (or not selected) for further processing |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| short term/working memory function |
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Definition
| stores and processes info in consciousness |
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Term
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Definition
| storage PLUS active processing |
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Term
| short term/working memory capacity |
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Definition
| limited (7 +/- 2 digits; ~4 chunks) |
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Term
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Definition
| putting together groups of information that are meaningful to you. (ex: words to music, mnemonics) |
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Term
| short term/working memory duration |
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Definition
| relatively brief (10-20 sec w/out rehearsal) |
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Term
| long-term memory function |
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Definition
| hold info over lengthy periods of time (>30 sec) |
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Term
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Definition
| transfer of info from STM-LTM |
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Term
| long-term memory capacity |
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Definition
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Term
| long-term memory duration |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| groups of words that are connected (free association) |
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Term
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Definition
| meaning-based, connecting ideas, prior knowledge |
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Term
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Definition
| shallow processing ("does the word have an E in it?") |
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Term
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Definition
| group of information already known |
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Term
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Definition
| make material personally meaningful |
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Term
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Definition
| hierarchies, outlines, concept map |
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Term
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Definition
| create your own study materials |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| acrostics, acronyms, narrative, rhymes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| transfer appropriate processing |
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Definition
| better memory when encoding and retrieval processes are done in similar environment (room, mood, etc.) |
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Term
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Definition
| context effects in memory experiment - scuba divers |
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Term
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Definition
| ie. essay - few hints/retrieval cues |
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Term
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Definition
| ie. short answer (several hints/retrieval cues) |
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Term
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Definition
| ie. mult choice (many hints/retrieval cues) |
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Term
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Definition
| info never got encoded into long term memory |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| interference (definition) |
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Definition
| info displaced by other info |
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Term
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Definition
| retroactive (forgotten old things), proactive (forgotten new things) |
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Term
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Definition
| forgetting old things because of new things |
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Term
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Definition
| forgetting new things because of old things |
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Term
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Definition
| remember first words in list really well |
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Term
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Definition
| remember last words of list really well |
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Term
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Definition
| remember most repeated word in list really well |
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Term
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Definition
| different word stands out in list, remembered really well |
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Term
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Definition
| generalization of schemas to include word that wasn't on list |
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Term
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Definition
| an emotional, surprising even that feels vid and accurate seared into memory (unreliable) |
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Term
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Definition
| memory for even is altered by misleading post-event info |
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Term
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Definition
| not remembering where information came from |
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Term
| nondeclarative memory system |
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Definition
| actions, perpetual motor skills, conditioned reflexes, emotional memories |
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Term
| declarative memory system |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| general, undated knolwedge |
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Term
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Definition
| dated recollections of personal experiences |
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Term
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Definition
| due to brain injury, can't store new memories |
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Term
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Definition
| due to brain injury, can't remember before accident |
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Term
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Definition
| a forgotten memory returns without it being recognised as such by the subject, who believes it is something new and original |
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Term
| higher order conditioning |
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Definition
| extending classical conditioning another level |
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Term
| Thorndike's law of effect |
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Definition
| rewarded behaviors will happen more often; punished behaviors will occur less |
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Term
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Definition
| biological reward (sex, sleep, food, etc.) |
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Term
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Definition
| anything other than a biological reinforcer (money, candy, etc) |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency for organism to go back to original instinctive behaviors + interfere with CC |
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Term
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Definition
| when an organism learns a new concept in its life but the knowledge is not immediately expressed |
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