Term
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Definition
| Our awareness of ourselves and our environment |
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Term
| Define Selective Attention |
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Definition
| Focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus |
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Term
| Define Inattentional Blindness |
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Definition
| Failure to see visible objects when our attention is direct elsewhere |
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Term
| What is Circadian Rhythm? |
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Definition
| Our Daily cycle of physiological fluctuations( 24 hr) |
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Term
| Name the hormone that produces sleepiness |
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Definition
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Term
| Know the 4 examples of disruptions to our Circadian rhythms |
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Definition
1.jet travel
2.shift work
3.bright lights
4.Insomnia |
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Term
| Define Hypnagogic Hallucinations and Myoclonic jerk and know what stage of sleep they are associated with |
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Definition
Hypnagogic Hallucinations(Stage 1):Vivid sensory phenomena that occurs during the onset of sleep
Myoclonic jerk(Stage 1): Involuntary muscle spasm that jerks the body awake |
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Term
| What sleep stage of sleep is considered the transitional stage between wakefulness and sleep |
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Definition
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Term
| What sleep stage is considered the onset of true sleep? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which sleep stage is characterized by Sleep Spindles? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which sleep stages are known as Deep Sleep Stages? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Abrupt awakenings w/ panic & intense emotional arousal(3+4) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What sleep stage do dreams usually occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which sleep stage is called paradoxical sleep? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The experience of waking up unable to move |
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Term
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Definition
| Dysfunction's associated w/ & activated during sleep |
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Term
| Which stages of sleep are these Parasomnias associated with? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Serious disturbances in the normal sleep pattern that interfere w/ daytime functioning & cause personal distress |
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Term
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Definition
| Disorder in which sudden sleep attacks occur during waking activities |
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Term
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Definition
| Brief, unintended episodes of sleep lasting a few seconds or more that occur during wakefulness |
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Term
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Definition
| A disorder where a person regularly has difficulty falling or staying asleep. |
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Term
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Definition
| Disorder in which a person repeatedly stops breathing during sleep. |
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Term
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Definition
| A relatively permanent change in an organism's behavior due to experience. |
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Term
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Definition
| Neutral stimuli brings a response after paired w/ a stimulus that naturally brings that response. |
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Term
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Definition
| A process of learning in which behavior is shaped & maintained by its consequences. |
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Term
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Definition
| Learning w/o direct experience |
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Term
| This Russian physiologist pioneered work revealing learning called classical conditioning. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Something that produces a naturally occurring reaction. |
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Term
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Definition
| The natural, unlearned response to an unconditioned stimulus. |
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Term
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Definition
| A once-neutral stimulus that comes to elicit a new response |
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Term
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Definition
| The learned response to a previously neutral stimulus. |
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Term
| Little Joe Cartwright was a cowboy who worked on the Ponderosa Ranch. At the end of a hard days work he looked forward to supper. He loved hearing the cook clang the cowbell because it meant “Suppertime!” The food in Little Joe’s mouth made him salivate. But when he heard the cowbell, that made him salivate, too. In this story, which is the Unconditioned Stimulus, the Unconditioned Response, the Conditioned Stimulus and the Conditioned Response. |
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Definition
Unconditioned Stimulus: Food
Unconditioned Response: Salvation
Conditioned Stimulus: Cowbell
Conditioned Response: Salvation when hearing cowbell |
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Term
| The diminishing of a conditioned response is called this: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The reappearance, after a pause of an extinguished conditioned response. |
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Term
| The tendency, after conditioning to respond to stimuli similar to the original stimulus is known as: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The capacity to distinguish b/w similar but distinct stimuli. |
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Term
| A conditioned dislike for a food when one becomes ill after eating that food is known as what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| An extreme irrational fear of a specific object, animal, or situation. |
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Term
| Name the Psychologist who demonstrated existence of “taste aversion” |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the Psychologist famous for insisting that external influences shape behavior and defined “operant”. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the central concept of Operant Conditioning? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Any event that strengthens the behavior it follows. |
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Term
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Definition
| Procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior onward closer approx. of desired behavior. |
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Term
| Define negative and positive reinforcers |
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Definition
(-): removed after a response, leads to an increase in the response. (Alarm; Seatbelt beeping sound)
(+):added after a response increases the response. (Being nice to people) |
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Term
| Define Punishment. How is it different that Negative Reinforcement? |
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Definition
Stimulus that decreases the probability that a behavior will occur again
Negative Reinforcement is increasing response |
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Term
| Define Fixed ratio schedule. What is an example? |
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Definition
A reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified # of responses.
Ex: Piece work |
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Term
| Define Variable ratio schedule. What is an example? |
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Definition
A reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable # of responses.
Ex: Gambling; Sales |
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Term
| Define Fixed interval schedule. What is an example? |
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Definition
A reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed.
Ex: Min. study until exam day draws near |
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Term
| Define Variable interval schedule. What is an example? |
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Definition
A reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response at unpredictable times.
Ex: Pop quiz |
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Term
| Name the Psychologist who was the pioneering researcher of observational learning. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to store and retrieve info over time |
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Term
| Complete this statement: Memories are not _________. Memories are ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Memory involves separate processes; Define Encoding, Storage and Retrieval. |
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Definition
Encoding:transform our sensory info into memory
Storage: maintaining info over time
Retrieval: nfo out of storage |
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Term
| Name the Psychologist who developed a 3 Stage Memory Model. |
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Definition
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Term
| Differentiate between Sensory, Short Term and Long Term Memory. |
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Definition
Sensory: Momentary registering
Short Term: Temporary & active use of info
Long Term: Storage over extended period of time |
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Term
| What is the duration of Long Term Memory? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the duration of Sensory Memory? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the duration of Short Term Memory? |
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Definition
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Term
| “Working Memory” is another term used to describe this memory stage. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Magic Number that research has shown to be associated with our short term memory? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the conscious repetition of information to encode it called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Combining small pieces of info into clusters that more easily hold for storage |
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Term
| Memories of general knowledge of world facts, names, ideas & rules of logic are called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Memory for events that occur in a particular time, place, or context |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Define and differentiate between Explicit and Implicit Memory |
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Definition
Explicit: consciously recalled
Implicit: not consciously recalled |
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Term
| What is the recall of an emotionally significant moment or event called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Organized bodies of info stored in memory that bias the way new info is recalled. |
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Term
| What is the intrusive recollection of events we would rather forget called? |
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Definition
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Term
| This part of the brain encodes the emotional aspects of our memory |
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Definition
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Term
| This part of the brain encodes & transfers new memories to our Long Term Memory. |
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Definition
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Term
| This German Psychologist originated the scientific study of forgetting |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Inattention to detail leads to memory failure. |
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Term
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Definition
| forgetting that occurs w/ the passage of time. |
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Term
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Definition
| Temporary inaccessibility of stored info |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when one memory disrupts the recall of another memory. |
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Term
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Definition
| capacity to understand and manage your own emotional experiences and to perceive , comprehend, and respond appropriately to the emotional responses of others |
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Term
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Definition
| biological, emotional, cognitive, or social forces that activate and direct behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| body monitors and maintains internal states |
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Term
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Definition
| psychological state that involves subjective experience, a psychological response, and a behavioral or expressive response |
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