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Definition
| Capacity to store and retreive information. |
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| Physiological change in the brain to get information stored. |
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Definition
| Maintaining information overtime. |
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| Atkinson-Shiffrin model of Memory |
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Definition
| Sensory memory, short-term memory, and longterm memory all working togather. |
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Term
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Definition
| Everything we sense in this kind of memory is held ever so briefly and is easily displaced by new information. |
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Term
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Definition
Vision, lasts 1/2 second.
EXAMPLE: a list of 9 numbers flashes briefly on the screen. How many can you remember by looking @ it? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Very limited Capacity (7[+-] bits of information for about 30 seconds. Take up space->pushes old information out. |
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Term
| Chunking (Short-Term Memory) |
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Definition
Grouping to make a set of information smaller (2656647582 -> 265 664 7582)
OR
Create hierarchies (newspaper & cd -> store information) |
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Term
| Imagery (Short-Term Memory) |
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Definition
Remembering a set of information by remembering the pictures you see. You can think of a story to help.
EXAMPLE: Picture of a cat, picture of a bat, picture of a bicycle->a cat holding a bat was riding a bicycle
OR
Create Associations
Goat - Car
Grass - Desk |
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Term
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Definition
| No known limits. First processed in the sensory memory and short term memory. Two types -> declaritive and procedural. |
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Term
| Declaritive Long Term Memory |
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Definition
Episodic->past experiances
Semantic->general knowledge |
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Term
| Procedural Long Term Memory |
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Definition
| Motor Skills, Habits, Classical Conditioning responses. |
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Term
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Definition
| Perceiving shallow, surface features. I.E. vowels and consonants. |
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Term
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Definition
| Processed, meaningful interpretations I.E. determining a catergory |
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Term
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Definition
| Dont have to supply the information, just recognize it when you see it. Multiple choice. |
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Term
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Definition
| When you learn something in the past and don't use it overtime it is much easier to "learn" the second time around. |
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| Factors influencing Retreival |
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Definition
| Easy to remember the first and last bit of info but the middle is often lost. Context. |
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Term
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Definition
| Shown groups of letters (DAG CEG XUL). Wrote Memorization. How long did he remember? Immediately -> 100% recall, dropped quickly afterwards. |
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Term
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Definition
| Memories decay overtime (Ebbinghaus!) |
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Term
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Definition
| We cannot remember what we do not encode |
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Definition
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Term
| Proactive Retreival Failure |
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Definition
| Something that happened EARLIER interfares with the retreival of something that happened LATER |
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Term
| Retroactive Retreival Failure |
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Definition
| Something that happened LATER interfares with the retreival of something that happened EARLIER. |
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Term
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Definition
| Using more general memories to reconstruct what is LIKELY to have happened I.E. Did I say "the" in the first 5 minutes of class? |
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| Leveling (Memory of an event) |
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Definition
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Term
| Sharpening (memory of an event) |
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Definition
| highlighting or overemphesizing certain details. |
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Term
| Assimilating (memory of an event) |
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Definition
| changing details to better fit own background or knowledge. |
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Term
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Definition
| Trying possible solutions and getting rid of ones that do not work until the correct solution is reached. |
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Term
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Definition
| Systematic, step by step procedure for trying all possible alternatives in search of a solution. Guarentees a solution to the problem. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rule of thumb. Based on things that worked in the past. |
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Term
| Means-End Analysis (Heuristic) |
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Definition
Checking current options against a goal continuously until goal is reached.
(Getting to the airport) |
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Term
| Forming Sub goals (Heuristic) |
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Definition
| A problem is given. When you look at it you can not find the solution immediately but when a hint is given, the answer seems simple. |
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Term
| Working Backwards (Heuristic) |
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Definition
| Using the information given... 24 hours (lillies double). In 60 days the pond will be completely covered.On what day will the pond be 1/2 covered with lillies. |
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| Searching for Analogies (Heuristic) |
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Definition
| Spot similarity between problems, use solution from previous to solve current. |
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| Barriers to effective problem solving |
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Definition
| irrelevant info, functional fixedness, mental sets, unnecessary constraints. |
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Definition
| Evaluating alternatives and making choices among them. |
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| Additive Stratergy (Decission Making) |
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Definition
| More likely for simpler situations |
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| Elimination Strategy (Decision Making) |
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Definition
| More common in complex situations. |
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Term
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Definition
I.e. a person is short slim and likes to read poetry, is this person more likely to be a classics professor @ an ivy league school or a truck driver?
-> truck driver.
Probability is that the man would be a truck driver. |
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Term
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Definition
| exact same issue presented in two different was can elicit different responses. |
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Term
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Definition
| spoken sounds and written words represent objects, actions, events, and ideas. |
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Term
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Definition
| Generate and understand an infinate number of messages. |
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Term
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Definition
rules for how we can combine words into phrases and setences.
IE- the swimmer jumped into the pool VS the pool into jumped swimmer the |
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Term
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Definition
smallest units of language that can be distinguished perceptually
FUSS VS. BUS |
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Term
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Definition
| Smallest units of meaning in a language. not necessarily words -> example "Unit" "S" |
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Term
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Definition
| system of rules that specify how words can be arranged. |
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Term
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Definition
meaning associated with communication.
Deep structure VS. surface structure
*2 sentences can have the same surface structure but different meaning
*2 sentences can have the same meaning but different surface structure. |
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