Term
|
Definition
Post = In back of
Ant = In front of |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Superior = Closer to the head, above something else
Inferior = Closer to the feet, below something |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cranial = Closer to the head
Caudal = Closer to the buttocks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Distal=Farther from the midline
Proximal = Closer to the midline |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Medial = Toward the middle
Lateral = Away from the middle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Standard Position. Erect with palms facing outward |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sagittal = Left and right
Coronal = Front and back
Transverse = Upper and lower |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Prone = Face down
Supine = Face up |
|
|
Term
| Bilateral/Ipsilateral/Contralateral |
|
Definition
Bi = Having or relating to two sides
Ipsa = Belonging to or occurring on the same side
Contra = Pertaining to opposite side |
|
|
Term
| Axial/Appendicular skeleton |
|
Definition
Axial = Center of skeleton. Cranium, vertebral column, ribs, sternum
Appendicular = Appendiges, scapula, clavicle, hips |
|
|
Term
| Osteokinematics/Arthokinematics |
|
Definition
Osteo = Movements between bones and joints
Arthur = Accessory movements of joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Composed of water and solid matter, contains P and Ca. Osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Connective tissue is collagen |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Fibrous tissue connecting skeletal muscle to bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Organ composed of one of three types of tissue, specialized for contraction. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Fibrous membrane that covers, supports, and separates the muscle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Piece of synovial membrane that contains a small amount of fluid. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Soft tissue comprised of closely packed fat cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Joint or connection of bones |
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Term
|
Definition
| Cartilaginous growth region of a bone. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Round elevation from the bone that resembles a bump |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Small, rounded projection, nodule, or protuberance on a bone. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Natural depression or hollow than can be seen in a bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Small, cup like depression or pit in a bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Connective tissue that is tough and flexible but easy to damage. Acts as cushioning between bones and joints. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Oval fibrocartilage that deepens the articular facets of the tibia, cushions stresses placed on the knee joint, and maintains spacing between the femoral condyles and tibial plateau |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rounded projection at the end of a bone. Located on or above a condyle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rounded articular surface at the extremity of a bone. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Projection or outgrowth from a bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Natural opening or passage into or through a bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Indentation on the edge of a bone or other organ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Groove or natural division in a bone or membrane. Deeper than a sulcus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| General term for a hollow or groove found in the surface of the brain, lungs and in many bones. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Application of heat to treat disease and injuries. Heat has the capacity to increase the extensibility of collagen tissue, and is therefore very useful in stretching out muscles. Muscle spasm by ischemia can also be relieved by heat. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The application of cold for the first aid of trauma to the musculoskeletal system. For example, in order to stop
blood flow, ice and direct pressure can be applied to a wound. When applied along with compression, elevation, and rest,
cold can reduce many adverse conditions related to the inflammatory or reactive phase of an acute injury. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A therapeutic modality. Used in the rehabilitation of many different injuries because it stimulates the repair of
soft tissue injuries and relieves pain. A deep-heating modality, used to raise the temperature of tissues. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Emits electromagnetic energy that is capable of producing temperature increases in the deeper tissues. Extent of
muscle heating depends on the thickness of the subcutaneous fat layer. Provides heat penetration similar to an ultrasound. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Electrical current is used to stimulate muscle directly. Can be used for muscle contraction, which changes
according to the changes in current parameters. Muscle contraction can be used for muscle pumping,
muscle strengthening, retardation of atrophy, and muscle reeducation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Webbing that helps the bones to resist compressive forces |
|
|
Term
| 4 Main Functions of Bones |
|
Definition
1. Protect internal organs and nervous system (Brain and spinal cord make up the CNS)
2. Structure and produce movement
3. Storehouse for minerals
4. Produces blood cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2 rows of carpals, 1 row of phalanges |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 2 rows of tarsals, 1 row of phalanges |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Smooth = Internal organs = Stomach/intestines. Involuntary
Cardiac = Heart - Involuntary - Contractions
Skeletal = Appendicular/axial skeleton. Voluntary through somatic nervous system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Contractile connective tissue
1. Produce movement
2. Protection of more internal organs
3. Maintain posture/stabilize bones
4. Produce heat |
|
|
Term
| Size and SCOPE of contractile tissues? |
|
Definition
Smallest = Myofibril. Group of =
Muscle fiber, group of =
Muscle fascicle, group of =
Muscle belly, connected to
Tendon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Insertion: Distal, or further away. Part of the body that moves with contraction.
Origin: Proximal, or closer to the body, relative to the insertion. Remains fixed during movement. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Right/left (medial and lateral) = Flexion and Extension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Upper (superior) / Lower (inferior) = Abduction / Adduction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Front (anterior) / Back (Posterior) = Rotation, pronation, supination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ab: To draw away/deviate from midline
Ad: To deviate toward/Draw toward midline |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ev: Turning outward
In: Turning inward |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ex: To straighten, part distal to joint extends to 0 degrees
Fl: To bend, when a joint is flexed, the point distal to joint bends to 180 degrees |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pro: Tendency for a joint to overrotate along the medial margin
Supination: Tendency for a joint to rotate laterally away from the medial margin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Val: Deviation of extremity distal to a joint away from the midline of the body
Var: Deviation of extremity distal to joint toward the midline of the body |
|
|
Term
| Rhomboid (Location and action) |
|
Definition
| Location = Posterior medial, superficial to cervical vertebrae. Action = Adduct, stabilize, and rotate the scapula, lowering its lateral angle |
|
|
Term
| Sartorius (Location and action) |
|
Definition
| Location = Superior to patella, anterior, muscle apart of quad. Action = Hip external rotation, hip flexion, knee flexion, internal rotation |
|
|
Term
| Hamstring (Location and action) |
|
Definition
Location: Posterior thigh/ femur, superior/proximal to knee joint.
Action: Flexion of the knee and extension of hip |
|
|
Term
| Brachialis (location and action) |
|
Definition
Location: Anterior of aspect of elbow joint.
Action: Flexion of the elbow |
|
|
Term
| Anterior tibialis (location and action) |
|
Definition
Anterior of leg below the knee.
Performs dorsiflexion of the knee |
|
|
Term
| Anconeus (location and action) |
|
Definition
Posterior of forearm, below elbow.
Helps to extend elbow. |
|
|
Term
| The governing body that sanctions football helmets is |
|
Definition
| The National Operating Committee on Safety for Athletic Equipment NOCSAE |
|
|
Term
| Identify the six guidelines for properly fitting a football helmet |
|
Definition
1) Cheeks - Credit card width between cheek pad and cheek
2) Occiput (base of skull) should be covered
3) Two finger widths above the eyes
4) Ear holes should line up with ears
5) 3 Fingers width in front of nose/mouth. Chinstrap should allow them to talk but should be snug on chin.
6) Recoil: Shake the helmet. Helmet should move with head, and give and then go back to normal. If it doesn't, it needs air. |
|
|
Term
| Besides helmets and shoulder pads, list four pieces of equipment that should be worn by all football players |
|
Definition
Full face mask to reduce incidence of facial injuries
Mouth guards to prevent dental traumas
Shoulder pads (cantilevered or non cantilevered) to protect areas of the trunk and thorax that are most exposed to impact forces
Hip and buttock protection such as girdle-style hip/coccygeal pads. |
|
|
Term
| If an athlete requires eyewear to participate, what is the safest type of lenses? |
|
Definition
| Polycarbonate. Virtually unbreakable, lighter and thinner than regular lenses, offer UV protection. |
|
|
Term
| Identify and describe the two types of shoulder pads used in football |
|
Definition
Cantilevered - Has a strap that extends from front to back of shoulder pads that causes shoulder pads to arch above tip of shoulder, dispersing pressure onto pads rather than shoulder. Most used by defensive players.
Non cantilevered - Does not have strap, shoulder motion not as restrictive. Best for offensive players. |
|
|
Term
| Identify two specific positions that would wear each type of shoulder pad |
|
Definition
Cantilevered = Defensive positions like linebackers. Utilize shoulder more during play, area is more exposed to impact forces.
Noncantilvered = Offensive like quarterbacks and running backs. |
|
|
Term
| It is the athletic trainer's legal responsibility to ensure that protective equipment meets the following: |
|
Definition
1. Protective équipement meets minimum standards/certification (i.e. football helmets have NOCSAE seal)
2. Legal responsibility: Manufacturer's guidelines are being used
3. Manufacturer's recommendations for maintenance and repair are being followed |
|
|
Term
| Why does a football helmet have a warning label? |
|
Definition
To show proof of NOCSAE certification in safety
To serve as an assumption of risk for the athlete who is wearing the helmet
To briefly describe the proper ways in which the helmet is to be used and not to be used |
|
|
Term
| Why is it important to instruct the athlete to tackle with the "head up" or not to use the head when tackling? What is this type of tackling called? |
|
Definition
| Athlete should tackle w/o head because tackling with the head down leads to dial loading of the cervical spine. Results in catastrophic spinal cord injuries. "Head up" is the safest way to tackle, and is referred to as "see what you hit" which allows the neck musculature to prepare for contact. |
|
|
Term
| Identify 3 injuries that can result from not tackling with the head up |
|
Definition
Quadriplegia
Non paralytic cervical spine fractures
Subluxation of the vertebrae |
|
|
Term
| You are a high school athletic trainer and are given the opportunity to speak at the parent's meeting for pre-season football. You understand that parents are more concerned than ever about concussion injuries due to the media coverage, but they do not know much about football equipment and tackling techniques to help minimize the risk. What are the various points you would make to the parents concerning this topic? |
|
Definition
Football is a contact sport, and it is dangerous, but there are ways to prevent injury/minimize risk
-Athletes need to be taught to tackle with the head up to prevent axial loading of the cervical spine
-Helmet contact rules needs to be enforced
-Deliberate use of helmet as initial point of contact against an opponent is dangerous and illegal
-Show videos |
|
|
Term
| The high school basketball coach is ordering the equipment, player jerseys, practice jerseys, and shoes for the upcoming season. He approaches you for advice on basketball shoes. What factors will you advise him to consider when purchasing basketball shoes for the whole team? |
|
Definition
-There needs to be plenty of room for the toes in the toe box, so each athlete should have their foot measured.
-Sole should be durable and provide shock absorption
-Each athlete should be put through a fait test to look for pronation/supination so heel wedges can be purchased to correct altered biomechanics of running gait
-The last in each shoe should also be based off of this |
|
|
Term
| You are on the practice field and notice that some of the helmets differ from the standard issued helmets given by the team. Upon investigation you find out that some of the parents decided to get their children a helmet that they feel is more protective. What is your responsibility in this situation? |
|
Definition
-Ensure that the helmets have been purchased based on safety, rather than appearance or color
-The helmet has been inspected and approved by NOCSAE
-The helmet is in good condition and isn't just a cheaper option
-Explain safety standards and why something does not meet them. Assist them in finding a possibly cheaper option, or revert to using standard issued helmets given by team. |
|
|
Term
| Your are approached by a parent who wants to discuss how mouth guards play a role in preventing concussions. In addition, they tell you that they want the team to purchase better mouth guards. How would you educate the parent on this topic? |
|
Definition
The parent should be informed that mouth guards mostly prevent dental traumas if they are correctly fitted
-Discuss that this pint has been argued in the past, but most recent evidence suggests that mouth guards have no effect in preventing concussions
-Discuss helmet safety standards set in place by the NOCSAE and tell them that NOCSAE has approved each helmet
-Thank them for ultimately having the team's safety in mind. |
|
|
Term
| You are a high school athletic trainer and about halfway through the season you notice that the number of concussions is increasing. What are the steps you should take to investigate this situation? |
|
Definition
-Inspect each athlete's helmet for proper fit, snugness of pads, chin straps
-Ensure each helmet has been approved by NOCSAE
-Ensure that the equipment has not been modified in any way. If it has been, figure out by who
-Call a meeting to discuss tackling strategies
-Educate both athletes and parents about NATA position statement on axial loading
-Discuss safest way to tackle (head up) and why
-Encourage coach to practice these tackling strategies and officials to penalize head-down tackling and spearing more often |
|
|
Term
| Required equipment for wrestling and requirements for using that equipment |
|
Definition
Wrestling: Protective ear guard
Rules: 1) Anything that does not allow normal movement of the joints/prevents one's opponent from applying normal holds is barred
2) Any legal device that is hard and abrasive must be covered and padded. Loose pads prohibited. Mouth guards recommended.
3) Jewelry is not allowed |
|
|
Term
| Required equipment for baseball and requirements for using that equipment |
|
Definition
1) Double ear-flap protective helmet with NOCSAE seal
2) Catchers must have built-in or attachable throat guards on masks
3) Catchers required to wear a protective helmet when fielding position
No rules |
|
|
Term
| Shoulder pads and fitting |
|
Definition
1) Measure width of shoulders from AC joint to AC joint. Have them put the pads on.
2) Chest/breast plate must cover majority of sternum
3) Backplate should cover the scapula
4) Shoulder cap should cover the AC joint on both sides (bilaterally)
5) Epaulet needs to cover deltoid (which goes down to mid-humerus)
6) Abduct both shoulders to check for fit. Shoulder pads should not elevate/cover the face. |
|
|
Term
| Can helmets be used for other sports? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) Support/restrict movement of an injured body part
2) Acute phases of an injury - Provide compression/treat for swelling
3) To hold a dressing in place
4) Prophylactically prevent injury
5) Hold/secure protective equipment |
|
|
Term
| What is a compression wrap used for? |
|
Definition
| Provide compression/treat for swelling |
|
|
Term
| How do you apply a compression wrap? |
|
Definition
1. Have patient engage muscles. Start wrapping distally to proximally, stay lateral
2. Wrap tighter at the bottom to push swelling towards the trunk
3. Check CMS in radial/dorsal pedal/posterior tibialis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wrap used to limit/support/assist/restrict movement on an injured joint. A figure eight with a smaller loop. |
|
|
Term
| How do you apply a shoulder spica? |
|
Definition
1. Teapot position- Hand on hip, abduct opposite (contralateral) arm, slightly
2. If limiting abduction/external rotation, pull lateral to medial
3. Wrap arm on the proximal end of the humerus. Cross over chest on acromiaclavioular joint, come around back, and go under the arm to wrap the arm again.
4. Check CMS |
|
|
Term
| Position for applying a spiral compression ankle wrap |
|
Definition
Long sitting- Sitting with knees extended. Let patient take off their shoe. Check CMS (dorsal pedal, posterior tibialis). Put foot in dorsiflexion.
1. Start at metatarsals, distal to ankle. |
|
|
Term
| Position for applying a spiral compression knee wrap |
|
Definition
Knee slightly bent, foot, hip, and knee in flexion
Be lateral to patient
Start at the proximal aspect of the tibias tuberosity, slightly distal. |
|
|
Term
| How do you apply a hip spica? (hip flexion) |
|
Definition
Assists in hip flexion (high knee movement)
Position: Have them flex hip, knee, ankle
1. Lateral to patient
2. Put weight on leg to engage quads/calves
3. Apply wrap lateral to medial, start mid-thigh
4. Come across anterior aspect of hip, cover contralateral ASIS
5. Cross over above the flute
6. Check CMS |
|
|
Term
| How do you apply a hip spica? (hip adduction) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pupils Equal, Round, Reactive to Light |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Alert, Voice Responsive, Pain Responsive, Unresponsive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Active Range of Motion- Eval movement quality/rang/speed and motion in several planes as well as strength. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Passive Range of Motion - At is looking for limitation in movement/pain as he/she moves the extremity for the athlete |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Resistive Range of Motion - AT applies resistance to body part as athlete moves it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Defines four levels of consciousness from alert to unresponsive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Differential diagnosis - Weighing probability of one disease vs another that could explain a patient's illness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Progressive Resistance Exercise |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Physical injury or wound that is produced by an internal force (body itself) or external force (object) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| External force acting on internal tissue (can be gravity!) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ability of tissue to resist a load. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ability of a tissue to withstand an external load |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Extent of deformation on the tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Change in the normal shape of the tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tissue has the ability to return to normal following deformation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Point where tissue does not return to normal after load is removed. Each tissue has a different yield point based on characteristics, cells, blood supply |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ultimate stress/strain, end of plastic region, way after yield point. Tissue will fail-- Leads to injury. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Represents relationship between various tissue properties when a ligament/muscle is stressed |
|
|
Term
| Primary factors for injury |
|
Definition
Size/magnitude of force (or load)
Properties of involved tissues and their ability to resist the force/load |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stretch, tear, or rip in the MUSCLE or its tendon that results from some uncoordinated activity between muscle groups or a hard, forceful contraction. |
|
|
Term
| Classification of muscle strain |
|
Definition
Grade 1 = Some muscle fibers stretched and/or torn. Painful, active ROM, fully functioning
Grade 2 = Some muscle fibers have been torn. Bruising, swelling, decreased AROM, still functional.
Grade 3 = Complete rupture/tear of muscle has occurred in area of the muscle belly close to tendinous attachment/where the tendon attaches at the bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Painful, involuntary muscle contraction that is related to excessive water loss, and to some extent, electrolyte loss |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Protective mechanism the body has in response to an injury/pain. Muscles that surround an injury will contract in order to "splint" the area and limit movement. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Reflex reaction caused by trauma to the musculoskeletal system.
TONIC contraction = muscle that is contracted for a constant/long period of time. Usually occurs in long back/neck muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pain caused by an overexertion in exercise due to micro tears in the muscle as a result of disruption to the connective tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stress applied to a joint that forces it beyond its normal limits |
|
|
Term
| Classification of ligament sprain |
|
Definition
Grade 1 - Some stretching/minor tearing of ligament
Grade 2 - Some tearing/separation of ligament
Grade 3 - Total tearing of a ligament that leads to instability of the joint (and fracture) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Compression - Produced when 2 loads are applied toward one another. Can be acute/chronic where repetitive constant compression occurs over a period of time
(Muscle cramp, contusion, stress fracture) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tension - Force that pulls/stretches. Equal and opposite external loads that pull the tissue/structure apart. Typical in muscle strains and ligament sprains.
(Muscle strain, muscle cramp, muscle soreness, tendinitis, ligament sprain, dislocation, bone fracture, stress fracture) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Shearing - When equal loads are applied to opposing surfaces, causing those surfaces to move in parallel directions. Occurs in skin injuries and vertebral disk injuries.
(Muscle strain, dislocation, stress fracture) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bending - Middle of structure is maintained while ends are subject to bending by an external force. Bending of the long bones can result in fractures.
(Ligament sprain, bone fracture, stress fracture) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Torsion - Twisting in opposite directions. Occurs to bones - Spiral fractures
(Muscle strain, ligament sprain, dislocation, bone fracture, stress fracture) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tension, torsion, shearing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tension, torsion, bending |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tension, torsion, shearing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bending, torsion, tension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Compression, torsion, shearing, bending, tension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Structural and functional changes that result from the injury process and mechanism of injury. An athletic trainer must also note these changes as signs and symptoms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
To move or walk from place to place. Patients should be heavily scrutinized before being allowed to walk to
ensure that they only have minor injuries. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A feature, characteristic, or occurrence that is not normal when compared to typical features, characteristics, and
occurrences. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The body and brain receive inadequate or no oxygen supply. Can lead to loss of consciousness, brain damage,
or death. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Listening to body sounds through a stethoscope— Typically the heart, breathing, and bowels. Should be done prior
to obtaining a history, unless patient |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Of no danger to a person’s health. Not harmful in effect. Can describe a condition, tumor, growth, etc. Typically
used when describing something that is not cancerous. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Dangerous to health; Cells invade and destroy nearby tissue and potentially spread to other parts of the body.
Typically used when describing something that is cancerous. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Slightly bluish, grayish, slatelike, or dark purple discoloration of the skin caused by a reduce amount of
blood hemoglobin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A specific situation in which a drug, procedure, or surgery should not be used because it may be harmful to that person. Relative contraindication instructs the health care provider to use caution when two drugs/procedures are used together. Absolute contraindication states that a procedure or drug could cause a life-threatening situation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
An action or safeguard taken in advance. Protects against possible danger, failure, or injury. For example, not
removing an athlete’s helmet after impact with another player in the case of injury to the cervical spine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A sign or a circumstance which points to or shows the cause, pathology, treatment, or outcome of a disease or
injury. This will make a particular treatment or procedure advisable in order to treat the problem. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Manifestation of a behavioral, psychological, or biological dysfunction in an individual. Is associated with pressent
distress or disability or with a significantly increased risk of suffering death, pain, disability, or an important loss of
freedom. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The process of the removal of dirt and dead tissue from a wound. Speeds the healing of the wound due to the fact
that wounds containing non-living tissue take longer to heal and may become infected. |
|
|
Term
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Definition
A classical sign of inflammation that is characterized by inflammation of the tissues at and proximal to the site of the
injury. |
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Definition
Deterioration of tissue, or the process through which a tissue’s function declines. For example, a person’s eyesight
typically degenerates as they grow older. |
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Term
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Definition
Refers to the cause of an injury or disease. Often used interchangeably with mechanism of injury (MOI). For example,
the cause of an ankle sprain could be a patient rolling the ankle during a run. |
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Definition
Accumulation of fluid in an area that has seeped out of blood vessels or an organ. Usually happens due
to inflammation, and will be deposited in nearby tissues. |
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Term
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Definition
Acute hemorrhage from the nostril or nasal cavity. Usually benign, self-limiting, and spontaneous. Commonly known
as a nosebleed. |
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Term
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Definition
The tendency of an organism or a cell to regulate its internal conditions in order to stabilize health and functioning.
Occurs in response to both external and internal conditions. |
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Term
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Definition
An excess of oxygen that is delivered to the brain and tissues. Some professionals claim that there are therapeutic
advantages, though it can also lead to injury to the lungs. |
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Term
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Definition
A sign of inflammation that is characterized by redness of the skin or membrane. A response of body tissues to injury
or irritation. |
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Term
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Definition
Describes a condition of which the cause is unknown. It is usually of unknown origin, and involves spontaneous
signs and symptoms. |
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Term
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Definition
A disease or injury that comes about slowly. The patient will not show obvious initial signs or symptoms, and will
not be aware of the disease developing or the injury worsening. |
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Term
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Definition
The site that is located in or around an injury. The local area will pertain to this particular region or body part.
For example, the site around a first degree burn. |
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Term
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Definition
Pertains to the whole body, rather than to a localized area or regional site of the body. Typically relates to an entire
system, such as the circulatory system. |
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Term
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Definition
Discomfort, fatigue, and uneasiness caused by an illness. This often the first indication of an infection or another
disease and should be treated as a sign or symptom. |
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Term
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Definition
A method of feeling with the fingers/hands during a physical examination of the body. The AT usually starts
with very light pressure, followed by gradually deeper pressure. Begins distal to the site of complaint and moves
proximally. |
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Term
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Definition
A sign of inflammation that is characterized by physical pain in the afflicted area. Will also be accompanied
by other signs of inflammation (i.e. calor or rubor). |
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Term
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Definition
Paleness of the skin or mucous membranes; Caused by anemia, shock, respiratory distress and hypoglycemia.
Can usually be determined by comparing a person’s usual skin color to their current skin color, or examining the
nail beds. |
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Term
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Definition
| Consisting of or containing pus. Usually describes a discharge of pus from a wound. |
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Term
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Definition
Commonly known as Whooping Cough. Begins with an onset of cold-like symptoms, such as mild cough and
fever. Apnea is also present, especially in babies. Will later develop into fits of rapid coughs (whoops), vomiting,
and exhaustion. |
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Term
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Definition
A medical diagnosis of a disease. Also a prediction of the course of the condition once all possible information
has been gathered regarding the signs and symptoms. |
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Term
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Definition
Loss or disturbance of function in part of the body. Used as a sign of acute inflammation that can assist a
health care provider in forming a prognosis about a medical condition. |
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Term
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Definition
A physiologic response to disease that is characterized by a rise in core temperature that exceeds the
normal range. Commonly known as a fever. |
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Term
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Definition
| Group of symptoms that consistently occur together and indicate a particular health-related cause. |
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Term
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Definition
A physician’s order that can be carried out by other health care professionals. Usually a prewritten medication
order and specific instructions for administration to a patient in clearly defined circumstances. |
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Term
| Standard Operating Procedures |
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Definition
Methods that have been established in order to create a routine performance of a certain procedure in particular
circumstances or situations. |
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Term
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Definition
| A sign of inflammation that is characterized by heat at the site of the injury. |
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Term
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Definition
| Acute sudden onset of a physical injury/wound produced by an external/internal force |
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Term
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Definition
| Chronic injury that occurs due to repetitive forces/loads that occur to that area over time |
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Term
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Definition
| Malalignment of limbs, muscular imbalances, other anatomic factors |
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Term
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Definition
| Training errors, excessive load, faulty techniques, poor running surfaces, poor equipment (shoes), poor environmental conditions, gait problems |
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Term
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Definition
-Leave in position that is found
-Splint joint above/below injured area
-Cover past elbow, roll for their grip. If open fracture, cover wound to minimize possibility for infection
-Use ACE wrap to secure splint
-Start distally, work proximally, add some compression to treat for swelling
-Check CMS
-Apply sling, put hand in jacket/shirt, put thumb in collar of shirt |
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Term
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Definition
1. Make sure you have all parts, look at rubber on top/bottom
2. Assess height/stature and use push buttons
3. Should be 2 fingers (1 inch) below axilla
4. Should have 30 degrees flexion in elbow
5. 6 inches laterally away from foot, 2 inches anterior to the foot
6. For walking, put pressure on wrist and land on uninjured foot
7. Going up stairs- foot first. Going down stars- Crutches first. |
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