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| Guttenberg invents moveable type |
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| First message sent over telephone lines |
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| Invention of the transatlantic cable |
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| Applies only to the government |
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| Unprotected by First Amendment |
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o Libel
o Obscenity
o Fighting words
o Extortion
o Perjury
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John Milton
Free flow of information false the truth will eventually come out |
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| 1798- banned false, scandalous and malicious writing, especially against the government |
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| 1917 during WW1 illegal to criticize the government |
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Government cant restrict information before it has been released to the general public
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| 1931- prior restraint is allowed with military information, obscene publication, and for publishing something that might incite violence |
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Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act
Allowed the American government to wiretap and infiltrate security barriers- like cellphones to spy on supposed "terrorists" or anyone associated with terrorism |
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| 1873- illegal to mail obscene material |
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| Surveyed people to find out how people defined obscenity |
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FOIA
(Freedom of Information Act) |
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| Designed to open records and files of the government in every branch of the government except executive (aka the president) |
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| 1976- agencies must provide advance public notice of meetings which must be conducted openly |
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| Legal order that forces a person to testify or produce physical evidence |
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| Written words that damage a person's reputation |
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| Spoken words that damage a person's reputation |
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| Indirect restriction on media access |
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| Reporters decide what consumers should know, filter information |
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Packaging- creating a fake story due to lack of time
Press Leaks |
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| Objective, current issues |
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| Just happened, immediate news |
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| Story that comes out after investigation |
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| Exposes corruptions, often political |
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| Relies of facts, no embellishments |
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| General, human interest stories |
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| Blur between substance and fluff |
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Content
Intended Audience
How to reach intended audience |
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| Patriot Act in reference to books |
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| Allowed the government to see what books were checked out of the library |
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| No one can take your name or likeness and use it without permission |
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| room for error so media isnt afraid to get a story wrong |
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| Protect journalists from giving up sources, somewhat effective exist in 34 of 50 states |
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| copyright materials can be used in small amounts |
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| Marshall McCluen- television sets changed lives not the actual message and content- changed the nature of the family dynamic |
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| Consumer or general interest books |
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| Agreements for use of a book for book club distribution, media adaptation, magazine serialization, audio and e-book publication |
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| Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension |
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| extended copyright for individuals to the life of a work's creator plus 70 years and for corporate plus 95 years |
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| Newspaper Preservation Act |
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| 1970- law allowed competing newspapers in the same city where one of the papers was failing to combine production in order to cut costs |
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| 30-40% of a newspapers content- basically the news |
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| Newspapers who are AP members provide the AP with copes of the stories they produce, AP selects and rewrites stories it considers significant |
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| Advertising in newspapers |
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| Accounts for 70%, newspapers number one advertising medium - display ads and classified ads |
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| Facilitate creation of personal identity and communties of shared interest |
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| distance between producer and editor- far shorter in magazines (from the few to the many however in magazines the few and many share a common set of interests and values) |
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| specific information of assured value to definable and reachable audiences- central to magazine publication |
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| One of the most important magazines of the 19th century |
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| Disrupted by war couldnt be transported |
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| birth of investigative journalism |
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| First glossy-paged magazine, refused to take advertising- prospered on subscription and newsstand sales until 1955 |
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| Replaced readers digest as most successful magazine in 1974 |
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| First transatlantic radio signal |
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amplitude modification
frequency modulation (clearer) |
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| 50% of households have a radio |
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| Deregulation of the radio by ronald reagan |
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Citizen Kane
War of the Worlds
etc. |
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| Invented the moving picture |
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| Filmed foreign places, famous silent era films |
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| Invention of sound in movies |
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| 1928- "the jazz singer" silent film gone overnight |
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| Special effects, film editing |
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| Chaplin, Griffith, Fairbanks, Pickford |
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| Monopolized making, distribution, and exhibition of films- eliminated in 1948 |
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Big: corporate, create campaigns
Boutique: smaller, less conservative, edgy
Inhouse: creative and managements sides |
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