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Definition
| Internal processes that initiate, sustain, and direct activities |
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| An internal deficiency that may energize behavior |
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| The psychological expression of internal needs or valued goals. for example, hunger, thirst, or a drive for success |
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| Any action, glandular activity, or other identifiable behavior |
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Definition
| The target or objective of motivated behavior |
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Definition
| The value of a goal above and beyond its ability to fill a need |
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Definition
| Innate motives based on biological needs |
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| Innate needs for stimulation and information |
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| Motives based on learned needs, drives, and goals |
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Definition
| A steady state of bodily equilibrium |
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Definition
| Cyclical changes in bodily functions and arousal levels that vary on a schedule approximating a 24-hour day |
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Definition
| A small area at the base of the brain that regulates many aspects of motivation and emotion, especially hunger, thirst, and sexual behavior |
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Definition
| The proportion of body fat that tends to be maintained by changes in hunger and eating |
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Definition
| An active dislike for a particular food |
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Definition
| An unwillingness or hesitation on the part of animals to eat a particular food |
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| Active self-starvation or a sustained loss of appetite that has psychological origins |
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Definition
| Weight reduction based on changing exercise and eating habits, rather than temporary self-starvation |
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| Excessive eating (gorging) usually followed by self-induced vomiting and/or taking laxatives |
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Definition
| Thirst caused by a reduction in the volume of fluids found between body cells |
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Definition
| A drive that occurs in distinct episodes |
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Definition
| The strength of one's motivation to engage in sexual behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| Changes in the sexual drives of animals that create a desire for mating; particularly used to refer to females in heat |
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Definition
| Any of a number of female sex hormones |
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Definition
| Any of a number of male sex hormones, especially testosterone |
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Definition
| A drive that is relatively independent of physical deprivation cycles or bodily need states |
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Definition
| Drives based on needs for exploration, manipulation, curiosity, and stimulation |
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Definition
| Assumes that people prefer to maintain idea, or comfortable, levels of arousal |
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Definition
| A summary of the relationships among arousal, task complexity, and performace |
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Definition
| High levels of arousal and worry that seriously impair test performance |
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Definition
| States that strong emotions tend to be followed by an opposite emotional state; also the strength of both emotional states changes over time |
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Definition
| Learned motives acquired as part of growing up in a particular society or culture |
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Term
| Need for achievement (nAch) |
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Definition
| The desire to excel or meet some internalized standard of excellence |
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Definition
| The desire to have social impact and control over others |
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Term
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Definition
| Abraham Maslow's ordering of needs, based on their presumed strength or potency |
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Definition
| The first four levels of needs in Maslow's hierarchy; lower needs tend to be more potent than higher needs |
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Term
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Definition
| In Maslow's hierarchy, the higher-level needs associated with self-actualization |
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Term
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Definition
| In Maslow's hierarchy, needs associated with impulses for self-actualization |
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Definition
| Motivation that comes from within, rather than from external rewards; motivation based on personal enjoyment of a task or activity |
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Definition
| Motivation based on obvious external rewards, obligations, or similar factors |
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Definition
| A state characterized by physiological arousal, changes in facial expression, gestures, posture, and subjective feelings |
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Term
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Definition
| Actions that aid attempts to survive and adapt to changing conditions |
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Term
| Physiological changes (in emotions) |
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Definition
| Alterations in heart rate, blood pressure, perspiration, and other involuntary responses |
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Term
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Definition
| A hormone produced by the adrenal glands that tends to arouse the body |
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Definition
| Outward signs that an emotion is occurring |
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| The private, subjective experience of having an emotion |
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Definition
| According to Robert Plutchik's theory, the most basic emotions are fear, surprise, sadness, disgust, anger, anticipation, joy, and acceptance |
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Definition
| A low-intensity, long-lasting emotional state |
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Definition
| A part of the limbic system (within the brain) that produces fear responses |
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Term
| Autonomic nervous system (ANS) |
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Definition
| The system of nerves that connects the brain with internal organs and glands |
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Definition
| A part of the ANS that activates the body at times of stress |
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Definition
| A part of the autonomic system that quiets the body and conserves energy |
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Definition
| A device for recording heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and galvanic skin response; commonly called a "lie detector" |
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Term
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Definition
| In a polygraph exam, questions that almost always provoke anxiety |
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Term
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Definition
| Study of the meaning of body movements, posture, hand gestures, and facial expressions; commonly called body language |
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Definition
| Gestures people use to illustrate what they are saying |
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Term
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Definition
| Gestures that have widely understood meanings within a particular culture |
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Term
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Definition
| States that emotional feelings follow bodily arousal and come from awareness of such arousal |
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Term
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Definition
| States that activity in the thalamus causes emotional feelings and bodily arousal to occur simultaneously |
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Term
| Schachter's cognitive theory |
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Definition
| States that emotions occur when physical arousal is labeled or interpreted on the basis of experience and situational cues |
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Term
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Definition
| The mental process of assigning causes to events. In emotion, the process of attributing arousal to a particular source. |
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Definition
| Evaluating the personal meaning of a stimulus or situation |
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Term
| Facial feedback hypothesis |
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Definition
| States that sensations from facial expressions help define what emotion a person feels |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to perceive, use, understand, and manage emotions |
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