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| is the area of exchange of gases in lungs |
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| have stem structure which tags them for secretion outside bloodstream. (tears saliva, sweat and milk. |
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| interfere w/nonspecific immune responses |
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| artery form left ventricle to body via descending aorta / to head via carotid |
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| moves blood from heart smooth muscle in walls, high o2 to supply cells |
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| antithrombin 3 - prevent blood clots from forming |
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| upper chambers of heart receive blood from body or lungs, blood moves to ventricles |
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| cause by attack of own patient cells on own tissue/ rheumatoid arthritis |
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| pill, RU486, IUD, condom and spermicide, withdraw, abstinence. |
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| FAS, downs syndrome, external factor causes: chemicals, alcohol. age of mom |
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| A (AA, AO) B (BB, BO) AB (AB) or O (OO) Rh factor: either + or |
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| solids - 45% [RBD = 99% WBC and platelets] Fluids (plasma = 55% of volume) |
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| transportation, [02, CO2, nutrients, waste & hormones] Regulation [Buffers keep blood at 7.4; fluids balance in tissues; heat] protection [defense against disease - carries WBC cells/antibodies; AT3- prevents blood clots] |
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| due to smooth muscles in vessels and beating of heart, [systolic and diastolic] i.e 120/80 |
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| red: blood components formed; yellow/brown where fat stored; long bones only |
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| smaller air passages leafing to alveoli; diseases: emphysema, cancer, asthma |
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| benefits baby: passes immunities, straighter teeth, higher IQ, better language. |
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| causes cancers: UV, mutagens, carcinogens, smoking, x-rays, radiation/radon |
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| nutrients & wastes exchanged at vellular level, smalles vessel; 1 RBC thick |
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| shows no trait but has recessive gene and can pass on trait to offspring. |
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| 2 identical daughter cells with 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs, diploid; somatic - blood cells |
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| 4 unique cells with 23 chromosomes (haploid), gametes - sperm and egg |
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| in respiratory tract to sweep debris to epiglottis; smoking, C.F. affect action |
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| circulatory system (human) |
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| can direct blood flow to organs needing it; artery ( Aorta and coronary), arterioles, capillary, venule,veins [pulmonary], semilunar and atrioventricular valves |
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| example of blood type of AB, display 2 phenotypes at the same time |
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| bones, blood, collagen {bind to matrix for support], elastin, cartilage, tendons |
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| DNA splits to allow a cop of 1/2 of chain; reformed double helix is 1/2 original |
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| RNA copies only one part of chain in replication, then moves to cytoplasm. |
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| branches off of aorta to supply heart muscle; blockage causes heart attack |
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| contracts to cause negative pressure in thoracic cage/air pulled in; relax - air forced out |
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| DNA [deoxyribonucleic acid] - genetic material. only in nucleus, double helix around histone proteins, ACGT, deoxyribose sugar, conservative replication; phosphate and sugar; 46 genes or 23 pairs |
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| [ribonucleic acid] manufactured from DNA in nucleus - moves to cytoplasm; mRNA shows position of protein synthesis; rRNA helps assemble proteins; tRNS is actual chain assembly of proteins/amino acids; ACGU single chain |
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| dominant genetic disorders |
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| the mother and or father of affected indicidual also affected; physical expression |
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| from implantation into uterine wall, until 8th week |
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| study of fetal development during 1st 8 weeks; body systems established |
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| hormones = chemical messengers [ adrenaline, GH, ADH]; affect specific organ/cells |
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| closes when swallowing to keep fluids/food out of lungs |
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| upper layer of skin, kidneys, lungs, line intestine, exude swear/milk; can repair damage as they divide [1 cell retains stem cell properties] |
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| RBC, hemoglobin [FE and polypeptide chain] bind 02, live about 120 days, no nucleus |
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| safety; germ-line research/ application; environmental ricks; who owns gene? |
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| genetic disorder treat one person (somatic-cell therapy); germ-line [treat all offspring] |
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| sweat,digestive juices, tears, milk |
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| negative: homeostasis [maintain body temp at 98.6*], pH of 7.0-7.4 in blood; BP and positive; childbirth [ continues to end of process] desertification |
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| cause multiple eggs to mature harvest eggs for IVF, choose best viable, eggs inserted into uterus can have potential for multiple [6+] births |
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| from 9th week until 9th month |
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| bypass lungs: foramen ovale, between atria and ductus arteriosis from pilmonary artery to aorta |
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| determination of gene position on chromosomes at specific location/loci |
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| chorionic villi vs amniocentesis; how use info: drs, insurance work? |
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| individuals genetic makeup; DNA makeup |
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| disruption of blood flow to heart muscle: cardiac cell death after 4-6 minutes |
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| x-linked recessive genetic disease passes to male offspring from mom |
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| one copy of different allele from each parent; dominant shown as phenotype |
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| constant temperature [homeothermic] negative feedback loo: close - shiver, close pre-capillary sphincters, hair on end; hot-sweat, open pre-capillary sphincters; two copies of same allele blue eyes blond hair |
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| 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs; composed of nucleic acid; genetic makeup |
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| bodies largest cell, one X with 23 chromosome [ovum]; all formed at 8 wk embryo |
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| high blood pressure; stroke, aneurysm, damage blood vessels |
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| is the body thermostat; temperature regulations |
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| antibodies passed via moms milk to baby; resistance to disease though vaccination |
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| phenotype is intermediate between homozygote parents |
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| sperm protected until united with egg [fallopian tube]: where egg is usually fertilized |
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| filter wastes reabsorb H20; more metabolically active than heart; help homeostasis |
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| moves extracellular fluid back to heart and circulation system |
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| testosterone; steroids can interrupt effect |
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| parasite evades defenses using hemoglobin in RBC for reproductive cycle |
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| two or more fetus, delivered, twins, 1 pair in 80-90 births; triplets 1 in every 2000 births quadruplets very rare; IVF can cause multiple births, 6+ |
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| cardiac smooth; intestines and blood vessels; skeletal/striated |
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| change in genetic material DNA; Random, environmental, choice; errors every 10to the 9th |
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| warm, moisturize, and filter incoming air, also smell receptors. |
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| brain and spinal cord; conveys impulses to stimulate response |
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| carry code of life, in NDA, and help protein/amino acid production |
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| immature eggs. born with all eggs will ever have {formed in 8 week old} X chromosome |
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| histories of families with regard to particular genetic traits |
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| eating cell; ameboid movement, vesicle enclose foreign/invading material |
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| physical expression of genes, dominant genetic traits |
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| chemical secreted by mammals/insects to attract partner; sec attractant/receptiveness |
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| component of bacteria used in biotechnology/genetic engineering; insert foreign gene |
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| 55% of blood volume; liquid blood component which transports solids |
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