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Test Three
flashcards for test three
56
Philosophy
Not Applicable
01/25/2004

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Term
defense
Definition
responds to logical problem of evil, offers no account but seeks to show that athiests have failed in saying because there's no evil theres no God
Term
emotional problem of evil
Definition
hurting in the face of first hand experience of pain and suffering, difficulty in beliving in God's goodness and power in light of first hand experience of pain and suffering
Term
external problem of evil
Definition
a problem presented in terms that are widely shared by Christian and non-Christians alike
Term
free will defense
Definition
if libertarian freedom exists, its not possible for god and evil to coexist
Term
intellectual problem of evil
Definition
given that evil exists, belief in an all powerful wholly good God is irrational - logically impossible for such a God to exist
Term
internal problem of evil
Definition
problem presented in terms to which the Christian is commited, a problem internal to Christian belief
Term
logical version of the problem of evil
Definition
given that evil exists, belief in an all powerful wholly good God is irrational - logically impossible for such a God to exist
Term
moral evil
Definition
pain and suffering that is the result of human actions
Term
natural evil
Definition
pain and suffering that is not the result of human actions
Term
probabilistic version of the problem of evil
Definition
existence of evil constitutes evidence against the existence of an all powerfull wholly good God - the existence of such a God is highly unlikely
Term
theodicy
Definition
aims to provide an account of why God actually permits evil in the world
Term
conceptualist model
Definition
God does not acquire his knowledge of the world by anything like perception
Term
contingency
Definition
something is contingent if and only if it could have been otherwise - contingent if and only if there IS a possible world in which it could have been otherwise
Term
counterfactual proposition
Definition
conditional proposition in the subjunctive mood
Term
fatalism
Definition
view that everything that happens does so necessarily therefore we can't do anything other than what we shall do
Term
foreknowledge
Definition
knowledge of events that will occur
Term
free knowledge
Definition
God has foreknowledge of everything that will happen
Term
future contingent proposition
Definition
sentence that expressed a proposition about some even that doesn't necessarily have to occur in the future
Term
middle knowledge
Definition
knowledge of everything that would happen in any appropriately specified set of circumstances
Term
natural knowledge
Definition
God possesses knowledge of everything that could happen
Term
necessity
Definition
something is necessart if and only if it could not have been otherwise - something is necessary if and only if thre is no possible world in which it would have been otherwise
Term
omniscience
Definition
for any person S, S is omniscient if and only if S knows every true proposition and believes no untrue proposition
Term
perceptualist model
Definition
construes divine knowledge on the analogy of sense perception
Term
ability condition
Definition
in order to have freedom necessary for responsible action is not compatible w/ determinism, real freedom requires control over ones action and will
Term
agent causation
Definition
persons are agents and in free acts they either cause their acts for the sake of reasons
Term
akrasia
Definition
weakness of will
Term
categorical ability
Definition
if one freely does A, they could have refrained from doing A or they could have done or willed to have done B without any conditions whatever being different
Term
causal defiance
Definition
cases where appropriate mental states do in fact cause an event to take place but by accident
Term
causal theory of actions
Definition
an act is free if and only if it is under the agents own control and it is under his own control if and only if the act was appropriately caused by the right mental states existingin the agent prior to the act
Term
compatabilism
Definition
if determinism is true, then every human action is causually necessitated by events that obtained prior to the action
Term
control condition
Definition
necessary condition of this act being a free one is that one must be in control of the act itself
Term
determinism
Definition
view that for every event that happens there are conditions such that, given them, nothing else could have happened
Term
doxastic voluntarism
Definition
view that one is free to choose what one will believe
Term
dual ability
Definition
if one has the ability to exert his power to do A, one also has the ability to refrain from exerting his power to do A
Term
efficient cause
Definition
that by means of which an effect is produced
Term
event event causation
Definition
(state state) the only kind of entities that can be put into the casual relation are events
Term
final cause
Definition
that for the sake of which an effect is produced
Term
first and second order desires
Definition
the actual desire/the action or desire about the desire
Term
free will
Definition
freedom
Term
hypothetical ability
Definition
conditional sense of can
Term
libertarianism
Definition
claism that the freedom necessary for responsible action is not compatible with determinism, real freedom requires a type of control over ones actions and will
Term
one way ability
Definition
control
Term
rationality condition
Definition
requires that an agent have a personal reason for acting before the act counts as a free one
Term
accessibilism
Definition
for those who haven't heard of Christ, salcation can be obtained through a realization in nature of God
Term
annihilationism
Definition
not seperation from God but annihalation of the damned
Term
exclusivism
Definition
salvation is acheived through and believ in Christs life and death
Term
general revelation
Definition
seeing God in the world around us
Term
inclusivism
Definition
salvation through belief in works but not faith
Term
natural consequence model of hell
Definition
hell is the punishment for refusing God, not other sins
Term
particularism
Definition
only some will receive salvation
Term
pluralism
Definition
salvation is achieved in multiple ways and religions
Term
restrictivism
Definition
salvation only available through Christ
Term
retributive model of hell
Definition
hell is proportionate to the crime, put in hell for the little things and remain for cursing him
Term
soteriological problem of evil
Definition
existence of an all powerful all loving God is logically inconsistence with the fact that some people never hear the gospel and are therefore lost
Term
special revelation
Definition
Christ's death
Term
universalism
Definition
everyone will receive salvation
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