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| understanding human behavior by placing it within its broader social context |
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| people who share a culture and territory |
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| the group memberships that people have because of their location in history and society |
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Industrial Revolution- broke traditions and ties with the land
American and French Revolutions- broke traditions and ties with the governmentImperialism- conquering new countries and cultures |
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comte
applying the scientific method to the social world
naturalistic "objective" science of society
poroduce knowledge about society to reform it
must be taken out of society to fully study it |
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| 'founder of sociology'. Supported the naturalistic study of society |
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| society of the fittest. Positivism. Society over the individual. |
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Class conflict- struggle between capitalists and workers
Bourgeoise- capitalists, owners of productionProletariat- workers |
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wanted sociology to be recognized as a separate academic discipline
Father of scientific sociology |
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| degree to which members of a group or society feel united by shared values |
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unit made of parts working together
Commonly shared beliefs |
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| lack of attachment to social ties |
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| strong attachment to social tiesNazi's |
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| -lack attachment to social norms (rapid change)Divorce, job loss |
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protestants desire for money (to get them into heaven) created the spirit of capitalism
Promoted verstenen- 'to have insight to someone's situation' |
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| general statement about how parts of the world fit together and work |
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Presupposition- position a researcher assumes to study social world, human nature
Logical form- structure of the knowledge claimed
Validation procedures- the claim for knowledge is accepted or denied by the scientific community |
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| micro)- theoretical perspective in which society is viewed as composed of symbols that people use to establish meaning |
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| macro- society is composed of various parts, each with a function that, when fulfilled, contributes to societies equilibrium |
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| society is composed of groups that are competing for scarce resources |
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| society works as a social system/ structures composed of interdependent parts |
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the extent to which we’re
*Attached to our communities ideals/rules
*The degree of regulation that social norms affect members |
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Linking micro experiences to macro social structures
C Wright Mills
Connects history and biography |
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Developing a critical consciousness
see how our lives are highly intertwined
unity in diversity
To see how our lives are highly intertwined
not saying sexist or racist jokes, understanding that the clothes you wear or purchase could have been made in a sweatshop |
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functionalism
social facts
suicide |
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| 3 major sociological theories |
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functionalism-durkheim
conflict theory-marx
symbolic interactionism- cooley and mead |
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by marx
driving force of history is class conflict |
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durkheim
examine structure and function |
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merging of history with biography
linking macro with micro
personal troubles can be greater social issues
immigration, divorce |
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durkheim
patterns and behaviors characterizing a social group
commonly shared beliefs, values
women should shave their legs |
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dialectical materialism
who?? |
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thesis, antihesis, synthesis
marx
changes in society arise from contradictions
thesis is capitalism
antithesis is workers
synthesis is classless society |
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ruling class conrols ideas and values
economics is the base of society that shapes values, norms |
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four types of alienation
who? |
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marx
from product
from the process of the product
from self
from others |
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| webers ideas opposed whos? |
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| weber saw what as the foundation of society? |
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| weber thought what drove the spirit of capitalism? |
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| capitalism showed up where? |
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western europe
not china
weber |
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weber
have insight into someones situation
best way to interpret someones behavior is by being there
understand feelings and methods of the people being studied
interpret their life situation |
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human behavior, nonmaterial culture are lagging behind technology
sexting cyber bullying stem cells |
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The process by which cultures become similar to one another
Typically western culture is being exported and diffused into other nations
Capitalism, nike, coke, mcdonalds |
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| The disorientation that people experience when they come in contact with a fundamentally different culture and can no longer depend on their taken for granted assumptions about life |
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the use of one's own culture as a yardstick for measuring others
generally leading to a negative evaluation of their values, norms, and behaviors |
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| why can ethnocentrism be probelmatic? |
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cause us to misjudge others
cultural misinterpretations
in england, wrong side of the road, nor left side or something positive |
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| not judging a culture, but trying to understand it on its won terms |
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using the hour on the clock to scdule events
time piece governs activities
time is money
capitalism |
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activities around a spontaneous schedule
scedule determined by activities
time and money are viewed seperately |
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expectations, or rules of behavior
uphold the values of society
enforced through sanctions
hand over heart during pledge, women shaving |
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reactions recieved while breaking a norm
positive or negative
strange looks |
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norms that are not strictly enforced
farting, burping |
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norms that are strictly enforced, illegal
rape, murder |
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| what is the source of symbolic meaning? |
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determines our reality
makes everything meaningful |
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language creates thinking
language reflects the views of society |
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verb tenses. different perception of time.
Sapir-Whorf |
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non material culture
something people attach meaning to
LANGUAGE |
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learn about culture through interaction
link between society and individual
social construction of reality |
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learn about culture through interaction
link between society and individual
social construction of reality |
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inoffensive sublistution for offensive language
poor-economically challenged |
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looking glass self-cooley
taking the role of the other-mead
id ego superego-freud |
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taking the role of the other
I and Me |
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| Taking the role of the other |
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putting yourself in someone elses shoes
understanding how someone feels and thinks
dressing up as mom or dad |
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MEAD
the self as a subject
active, spontaneous, impulsive, pleasure seeking |
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MEAD
the self as an object
attitudes we have internalized from our actions with others
social facts
socialized part |
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COOLEY
self develops through internalizing other's reactions to us
i am what i think you think i am |
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Id
Ego
Superego
!!!!!
Freud saw conflict between the individual in society, whereas Mead saw harmony |
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| Marz vs. Weber on how society is viewed |
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Marx saw the ruling class as the creator of values and norms
Weber was ideas and values as the foundation of soceity |
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