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test one
music appreciation
77
Music
Undergraduate 1
09/21/2008

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Term
rhythm
Definition
the surface activity of music, based upon duration of musical sounds
Term
beat
Definition
the underlying pulse of music
Term
metronome
Definition
a mechanical device used to give percise speeds of beats
Term
tempo
Definition
refers to the rad of speed of beats
Term
meter
Definition
the organization of beats into groups or patterns
Term
measure
Definition
the length of a pattern of beats
Term
bar lines
Definition
the vertical lines that show where beat patterns begin and end
Term
nonmetric
Definition
refers to music that has no strong sense of beat or meter
Term
syncopation
Definition
the stressing of normally unstressed beats
Term
melody
Definition
the succession of single pitches set of rhythm
Term
interval
Definition
the distance between two pitches
Term
phrase
Definition
a more or less incomplete melodic idea that ends with a cadence
Term
cadence
Definition
a resting point in music that occurs at the ends of phrases
Term
incomplete cadence
Definition
a resting point where the music feels like it must continue on
Term
complete cadence
Definition
a resting point that gives the listener a feeling of completion
Term
musical sentence
Definition
a complete musical thought (made of two or more phrases) that ends with a complete cadence
Term
sequence
Definition
refers to repeating a melodic fragment at different pitch levels
Term
harmony
Definition
the sounding together of two or more notes
Term
chord
Definition
three or more notes sounded together; the basic building block of harmony
Term
broken chord
Definition
refers to playing the notes of a chord separately
Term
progression
Definition
the movement from one chord to another chord
Term
scale
Definition
a series of pitches arranged in order
Term
tonic
Definition
the first and more important note of a scale, often referred to as the key or keynote
Term
mode
Definition
generally refers to major and minor scales
Term
modulation
Definition
the movement from one key to another
Term
consonance
Definition
refers to combinations of pitches that sound pleasing
Term
dissonance
Definition
refers to combinations of pitches that sound harsh or unpleasant
Term
musical texture
Definition
refers to how musical layers are heard at once and how they relate to each other
Term
monophonic texture
Definition
created by a single, unaccompanied melodic line
Term
polyphonic texture
Definition
created by the layering of melodies
Term
imitation
Definition
a type of polyphonic texture where a melodic idea is presented in one part and is then restated in other parts
Term
counterpoint
Definition
another word commonly used to refer to polyphonic texture
Term
homophonic texture
Definition
created by a primary melody accompanied by secondary harmony (chords)
Term
contrapuntal devices
Definition
ways in which composers explored all possibilities of melodic idea
Term
inversion
Definition
a melody upside down
Term
retrograde
Definition
a melody backwards
Term
retrograde-inversion
Definition
a melody backwards and upside down
Term
augmentation
Definition
making note values shorter
Term
diminution
Definition
making note values shorter
Term
musical form
Definition
refers to the arrangement of music ideas, based upon the concepts of repetition, contrast and variations
Term
repetition
Definition
the restatement of a musical idea or section
Term
contrast
Definition
change in the music; provides a sense of variety
Term
variation
Definition
a modified or changed version of something that was heard before; combines both repetition and contrast
Term
binary form
Definition
A-B
Term
ternary form
Definition
A-B-A
Term
theme
Definition
a melodic idea that serves as a building block of a composition
Term
motive
Definition
the smallest building block of music; takes on significance through repetition
Term
movement
Definition
a complete music unit in a multi-movement work
Term
dynamics
Definition
refers to levels of loudness or softness
Term
pizzicato
Definition
plucking the string with a finger
Term
double stop
Definition
playing two strings at a time
Term
vibrato
Definition
rocking the finger one the string to produce slight changes in pitch
Term
tremolo
Definition
the rapid bowing of the same note
Term
harmonics
Definition
delicate high pitches produced by lightly touching the string when playing
Term
mute
Definition
a device that softens the tone
Term
articulation
Definition
the manner in which notes are played
Term
legato
Definition
notes smoothly connected
Term
staccato
Definition
notes are separated/detached
Term
genre
Definition
a term used to define a broad category of works
Term
medium
Definition
refers to the instrument or group that performs a piece
Term
secular music
Definition
a non religious music
Term
sacred music
Definition
music used in worship or other activities of religious ritual
Term
gregorian chant
Definition
the official liturgical music of the roman catholic church
Term
syllabic
Definition
a text with one syllable per note
Term
old church modes
Definition
scales used in the medieval and renaissance periods; having different arrangements of half and whole steps than the scales we use today
Term
the mass
Definition
the official liturgical ride of the roman catholic church
Term
organum
Definition
refers to the first examples of polyphonic music , originating around 1000 AD
Term
motet
Definition
a sacred vocal composotion in polyphonic texture with a latin text sung a cappella
Term
troubadours/ trouveres
Definition
higher-class poet-singer-composers
Term
jongleurs
Definition
rather seedy, despicable characters of lover social order
Term
machaut
Definition
the most important compose of 14th century
Term
chanson
Definition
song
Term
a cappella
Definition
without instruments
Term
word painting
Definition
refers to the use of musical gesture to depict particular
Term
josquin
Definition
the most significant composer of the renaissance, who flourished about 1500
Term
ordinary of the mass
Definition
kyrie, gloria, credo, sanctus, angus dei
Term
palestrina
Definition
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