Term
| three generalizations of cell theory |
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Definition
all organisms are composed of one or more cells
-the cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms
-cells arise only from the division of preexsiting cells |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| why are most cells small? |
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Definition
| to have efficient nutrient-waste exchange |
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Term
| On the outside, ALL cells have what in common? |
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Definition
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Term
| On the inside, ALL cells have what in common? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two different types of cells? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| (domains bacteria and Archaea) nucleotide region has no boundary membrane, have few internal membranes |
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Term
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Definition
| (domain eukarya) true nucleus is separated from the surrounding cytoplasm by membranes, contains extensive membrane |
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Term
| What are the three shapes common to prokaryotes? |
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Definition
| Spherical, rodlike, spiral |
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Term
| What does a prokaryotic DNA look like? |
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Definition
| Single, circular molecule |
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Term
| Prokaryotes typically have a _____what___ surrounding the plasma membrane. |
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Definition
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Term
| The outer most layer is the what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Many prokaryotes use what to help them move? |
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Definition
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Term
| Hairlike what that will help prokaryotes attach to surfaces or other cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of cell fractionation? |
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Definition
| To isolate and study cell organelles |
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Term
| Eukaryotic plasma membranes have embedded proteins that do what? |
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Definition
1. transport substances
2. recognize and bind specific signal molecules, trigger internal responses
3. label cells
4. fungal, plan, and many protest cells |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Central vacuole
cell wall
chloroplast |
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Term
| Nucleus is separated from the cytoplasm by a |
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Definition
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Term
| Embedded in the nuclear envelope are the _____________ to help regulate transport in and out of the nucleus. |
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Definition
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Term
| The liquid within the nucleus is the ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| The combination of DNA and proteins is called ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the ribosomal RNA molecules made? |
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Definition
| Around the genes coding for rRNA |
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Term
| What are ribosomes consisted of? |
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Definition
| A large and a small sub unit |
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Term
| What is the difference between a free ribosome and a bound ribosome? |
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Definition
| Free ribosome are freely suspended in the cytosol, bound ribosome attached to membranes |
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Term
| Two forms of Endoplasmic Reticulum |
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Definition
Rough and Smooth ER
rough er has ribosomes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| synthesizes lipids, convert drugs, poisons and toxic by-products into substances that can be tolerated |
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Term
| Ovarian cells have a higher concentration of ? why? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the Golgi complex? |
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Definition
| Receives and chips proteins |
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Term
| Proteins are received on the |
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Definition
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Term
| Proteins are shipped out from the |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Comes from Golgi, small membrane bound vesicles containing hydrolytic enzymes that digest complex molecules, found in animal |
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Term
| What happens in Mitochondria? |
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Definition
| Cellular respiration occurs here |
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Term
| The three components of the cytoskeleton |
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Definition
microtubules
microfilaments
intermediate filaments |
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Term
| Where are microtubules made? |
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Definition
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Term
| Functions for microtubules |
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Definition
1. anchor many organelles in position
2. provide tracks for vesicles move between the cell interior and plasma membrane
3. separate and move chromosomes during cell division
4. provide movement for the cells in the form of flagella and cilia |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| short, motion: all over the cell, circular pattern |
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Term
| What kind of problems can you have if the microtubules in the flagella/cilia malfunction? |
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Definition
| Severe respiratory infections, problems with fertility |
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Term
| Functions of intermediate filaments: |
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Definition
| Provide structural support in many cells and tissues |
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Term
| Functions for microfilaments: |
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Definition
1. components of contractile elements in muscle fibers
2. cytoplasmic streaming
3. divide the cytoplasm when animal cells divide |
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Term
| What happens in chloroplasts? |
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Definition
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Term
| Functions of central vacuole: |
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Definition
1. storage
2. pigments concentrated in the vacuoles produce colors of many flowers
3. contain enzymes that break down biological molecules
4. contain molecules that provide chemical defenses against pathogenic organisms |
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Term
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Definition
1. support individual cells
2. contain pressure
3. protect cells against invading bacteria and fungi |
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Term
| What is the importance of plasmodesmata? |
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Definition
| Allow movements from one plant cell to another |
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Term
| Animal cells have specialized structures that organize cells at three levels |
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Definition
1. cell adhesion molecules
2. cell junctions
3. extracellular matrix ECM |
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Term
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Definition
| “weld” adjacent cells together, microfilament responsible for holding cells together |
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Term
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Definition
| sealing any space between the cells in cell layers |
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Term
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Definition
| open channels to allow movement of ions and molecules to pass directly from one animal cell to another |
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