Term
| Acute Bacterial Prostatitis - Definition |
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Definition
| Focal or diffuse inflammation of prostatic parynchema |
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Term
| Acute Bacterial Prostatitis - Cause(s) |
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Definition
| Ascending urethritis, urinary reflux, lymphatic / rectal spread |
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Term
| Acute Bacterial Prostatitis - Bacteria responsible |
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Definition
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Term
| Acute Bacterial Prostatitis - Signs/Symptoms |
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Definition
| Fever, chills, dysuria, pelvic / lower back pain |
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Term
| Acute Bacterial Prostatitis - Diagnosis |
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Definition
| Very tender, boggy prostate on DRE; Biopsy contraindicated (sepsis may occur); positive urine cultures |
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Term
| Acute Bacterial Prostatitis - Treatment |
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Definition
| Antibiotics, Antipyretics, Analgesics |
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Term
| Acute Bacterial Prostatitis - Complications |
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Definition
| Bladder outlet obstruction, Abscess, acture pyelonephritis, sepsis |
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Term
| Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis - Signs/Symptoms |
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Definition
| Hemospermia, low back pain, dysuria, pain on ejaculation (no fever/chills) |
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Term
| Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis - Diagnosis |
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Definition
| Difficult to diagnose and treat (unremarkable DRE); Leukocytes in prostatic secretions and positive cultures |
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Term
| Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis - Characteristics |
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Definition
| Recurrent UTI by the same organism; Prostatic calculi can serve as a reservoir for persistent and recurrent infections |
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Term
| Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis - Bacteria responsible |
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Definition
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Term
| Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis - Treatment |
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Definition
| Long term antibiotics; Excision of prostatic tissue (removing calculi) |
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Term
| Chronic Abacterial Prostatitis - Characteristics |
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Definition
| Most common form of prostatitis; NO recurrent UTIs |
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Term
| Chronic Abacterial Prostatitis - Diagnosis |
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Definition
| Prostatic secretions contain WBC, but cultures are negative |
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Term
| Chronic Abacterial Prostatitis - Signs/Symptoms |
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Definition
| Same as Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis |
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Term
| Nodular Hyperplasia of the Prostate Gland - Age Group |
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Definition
| Men above 50 (20% of 40yo; 70% of 60yo; 90% of 70yo) |
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Term
| Nodular Hyperplasia of the Prostate Gland - Histological Definition |
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Definition
| Hyperplasia of prostatic stromal end epithelial cells; Large, fairly discrete nodules in the periurethral region of the gland |
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Term
| Nodular Hyperplasia of the Prostate Gland - Characteristics |
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Definition
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Term
| Nodular Hyperplasia of the Prostate Gland - Complications |
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Definition
| Compression / narrowing of the urethra, causing urinary obstruction |
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Term
| Nodular Hyperplasia of the Prostate Gland - Cause(s) |
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Definition
| Action of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) on the prostate; Age-related increase in estrogen causes increased expression of DHT receptors |
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Term
| Nodular Hyperplasia of the Prostate Gland - Signs/Symptoms |
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Definition
| Frequency, trouble starting/stopping etc.; UTIs; Symtoms relate to secondary effects in the UT system |
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Term
| Nodular Hyperplasia of the Prostate Gland - Secondary Changes |
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Definition
| Hypertrophyof bladder wall;Trabeculation of the muscles in the bladder wall; Diverticulum formation; Hydroureter & hydronephrosis; Renal dysfunction; Urinary retention |
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Term
| Nodular Hyperplasia of the Prostate Gland - Diagnosis |
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Definition
| DRE - Rubbery-smooth enlarged gland with mobile overlying rectal mucosa; assesnemnt of BUN/creatinine; Bacteria in urine |
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Term
| Nodular Hyperplasia of the Prostate Gland - Treatment |
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Definition
| Alpha-adrenergic blockers (relaxes SM at bladder neck & in prostate); 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (Inhibit DHT production); surgical intervention |
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Term
| Prostate Cancer - Characteristics |
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Definition
| Majority are adenocarcinoma; Most common form of CA in US men; 2nd leading cause of death; |
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Term
| Prostate Adenocarcinoma - Risk Factors |
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Definition
| African-America; Fam. History; Hormonal influences; High-grade PIN (precursor lesion) |
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Term
| Prostate Adenocarcinoma - Age Group |
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Definition
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Term
| Prostate Adenocarcinoma - Characteristics |
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Definition
| Intraluminal crystalloids (marker) |
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Term
| Prostate Adenocarcinoma - Grading |
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Definition
| Gleason's (1: Low grade, well differentiated; 5: High grade, less differentiated) |
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Term
| Prostate Adenocarcinoma - Complications |
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Definition
| Spread via Direct local invasion; Lymphatics & Hematogenous; Osteoblastic Bone CA |
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Term
| Prostate Adenocarcinoma - Types |
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Definition
| Localized carcinoma; Advanced Disease |
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Term
| Prostate Adenocarcinoma - Diagnosis (Both types) |
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Definition
| Localized carcinoma: Palpable nodule, elevated PSA, Obscured midline furrow; Advanced disease: Markedly elevated PSA, Blood in urine / semen, Pain/stiffness in back, hips & pelvis |
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Term
| TMS Grading System - Primary Tumour (T) |
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Definition
| TX (No tumour); T0 (No evidence); T1 (Clincally inapparent tumour not palpable or visble by imaging); T2a (Confined within prostate - one lobe); T2b (Confined withing prostate - two lobes); T3 (Extends through prostate capsule); T4 (Invasion of bladder neck, external sphincter, rectum, levator muscles and/or pelvic wall) |
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Term
| TMS Grading System - Regional Lymph Node (N) |
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Definition
| NX (cannot be assessed); N0 (No LN metastasis); N1 (Mets in regional lymph node) |
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Term
| TMS Grading System - Distant Mets (M) |
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Definition
| MX (Cannot be assessed); M0 (No mets); M1a (Non-regional LN); M1b (Bone); M1c (Other sites) |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal opening of the urethra into the ventral surface of the penis |
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Term
| Hypo- & Epispadius Etiology |
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Definition
| Malformation of the urethral groove and canal; Cryptorchidism may also be present |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal opening of the urethra into the dorsal surface of the penis |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormally tight foreskin |
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Term
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Definition
| Infection; cancer (from chronic inflammation) |
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Term
| Paraphimosis - Definition |
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Definition
| Forcible retraction of the foreskin over the glans; Swelling blocks replacement of foreskin |
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Term
| Balanoposthitis - Definition |
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Definition
| Inflammation of the glans and foreskin |
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Term
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Definition
| Stap & Strep; Candida Albicans; STDs |
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Term
| Problems caused by Chlamydia Trachomatis |
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Definition
| Urethritis & epididimytis: Purulent discharge WITHOUT bacteria; Lymphogranuloma venereum: penile lesions and draining inguinal LN (buboes) |
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Term
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Definition
| Persisitent erection for more than 4 hours; Urologic EMERGENCY |
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Term
| Bowen Disease - Definition |
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Definition
| Grey-white plaque with shallow ulceration & crusting in uncircumsized men |
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Term
| Bowen Disease - Age Group |
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Definition
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Term
| Bowen Disease - Complications |
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Definition
| May progress to SqCC over years (5-10%); Possible visceral CA |
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Term
| Bowen Disease - Bacteria Responsible |
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Definition
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Term
| Erythroplasia of Queyrat - Definition |
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Definition
| Bowen disease when localized on the GLANS and FORESKIN as shiny, red velvety plaques |
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Term
| Bowenoid Papulosis - Bacteria Responsible |
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Definition
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Term
| Bowenoid Papulosis - Age Group |
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Definition
| Sexually active males (ave. 29yo) |
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Term
| Bowenoid Papulosis - Complications |
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Definition
| NO progression to CA; May spontaneously regress |
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Term
| Bowenoid Papulosis - Characteristics |
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Definition
| Multiple pigmented papular lesions; May resemble verrucoid / condyloma |
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Term
| Penile SqCC - Characteristics |
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Definition
| Advanced penile lesions present for more than a year |
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Term
| Penile SqCC - Complications |
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Definition
| Slow growth & local metastasis to regional LN |
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Term
| Jackson Staging - Stage 1 |
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Definition
| Stage of CA confined to the glans / foreskin |
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Term
| Jackson Staging - Stage 2 |
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Definition
| Stage of CA with invasion of shaft / corpora WITHOUT nodal mets |
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Term
| Jackson Staging - Stage 3 |
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Definition
| Stage of CA where confined to shaft, but WITH regional LN mets |
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Term
| Jackson Staging - Stage 4 |
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Definition
| Stage of CA with invasion of shaft / corpora WITH inoperable regional mets and/or distant mets |
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Term
| Fournier's Gangrene - Definition |
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Definition
| Staph/Strep infection resulting in necrotizing fasciitis of the genitals / scrotum |
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Term
| Fournier's Gangrene - Causes |
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Definition
| Urethral stricture with extravasation of urine; Complications of cemo; Trauma; DM/alcoholism/obesity |
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Term
| Scrotal SqCC - Characteristics |
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Definition
| Most common malignant tumour of te scrotum |
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