Term
| The energy of a system increases when what is done on that system? |
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Definition
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Term
| Under what condition is work positive? |
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Definition
| if force and motion are in the same direction (W=deltaKE) |
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Term
| What must an object be doing to have kinetic energy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What states that the force necessary to elongate a spring a small distance (x) is proportional to the elongation (F=KX)? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the spring constant and is an indication of the spring's stiffness |
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Term
| What is energy stored in a system as a result of the gravitational force between the object and Earth? (PE=mgh) |
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Definition
| gravitational potential energy |
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Term
| Why is the sum of KE and PE constant at all times? |
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Definition
| no work is done on the system by any external forces |
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Term
| What is stored energy in pulled strings, rubber balls, rubber bands, slingshots, and trampolines? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a result of electromagnetic interactions among the atoms in the material? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are materials that can be permanently stretched? |
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Definition
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Term
| Almost all solids can be stretched or compressed slightly, but what can be bent and are designed to do so in a controlled and predictable way? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who recognized mass as a form of potential energy? |
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Definition
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Term
| In which theory is the rest energy equal to the object's mass times speed of light squared? |
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Definition
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Term
| What states that in a closed, isolated system, energy cannot be created nor destroyed but can be changed? |
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Definition
| Law of Conservation of Energy |
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Term
| What is the sum of KE and PE if no other energy has occurred (usually thermal energy)? |
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Definition
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Term
| the kinetic energy in a system does not change |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is almost always conserved in a collision? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is conserved only in elastic collisions? |
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Definition
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Term
| Momentum is what makes objects do what? |
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Definition
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Term
| A hot object has more thermal energy that what? |
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Definition
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Term
| average kinetic energy of particles an object (this does not depend on the number of atoms in an object) |
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Definition
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Term
| What is proportional to the number of particles in a an object? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is temperature measured using? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the transfer of KE when particles collide (usually direct contact)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the rate of energy flow between two objects is equal and objects are at the same temperature? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who devised a temperature scale based on the properties of water? |
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Definition
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Term
| When did Anders Celsius devise his temperature scale? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the upper limit of temperature? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the interior of the Sun? |
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Definition
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Term
| lowest possible temp of all matter |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Absolute zero in Fahrenheit |
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Definition
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Term
| Freezing point of water in Celsius |
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Definition
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Term
| Freezing point of water in Fahrenheit |
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Definition
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Term
| Freezing point of water in Kelvin |
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Definition
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Term
| Boiling point of water in Celsius |
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Definition
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Term
| Boiling point of water in Fahrenheit |
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Definition
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Term
| Boiling point of water in in Kelvin |
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Definition
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Term
| energy that always flows form the hotter object to a cooler object, energy that is transferred between objects |
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Definition
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Term
| motion of fluid in a liquid or gas caused by temperature differences |
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Definition
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Term
| does not depend on presence of matter; transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves. these waves carry the Sun's energy through the vacuum of space to Earth |
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Definition
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Term
| amount of energy that must be added to a material to raise the temp of a unit mass by 1 temp unit |
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Definition
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Term
| device used to measure changes in thermal energy (carefully insulated and contains a known mass of cold water0 |
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Definition
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Term
| Changes in states are what kind of changes because the composition of the matter is not changed, only its phase? |
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Definition
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Term
| the change from a solid to a liquid |
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Definition
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Term
| What doesn't rise as liquid boils? |
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Definition
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Term
| amount of energy needed to melt 1 kg of a substance |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the heat of fusion of ice? |
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Definition
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Term
| thermal energy needed to change 1 kg of liquid to a gas |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the heat of vaporization of water? |
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Definition
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Term
| What will increase the boiling point and decrease the freezing point of water? |
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Definition
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Term
| change in thermal energy of an object is equal to the heat that is added to it minus the work done by the object (restates the law of conservation of energy) |
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Definition
| first law of thermodynamics |
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Term
| device that continuously converts thermal energy to mechanical energy |
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Definition
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Term
| measure of disorder in a system |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the change of entropy equal to? |
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Definition
| the heat added divided by temperature in K |
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Term
| natural processes tend to go in a direction that maintains or increases the total entropy of the universe. Things will grow more and more disorderly unless some action is taken to keep them in order |
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Definition
| 2nd law of thermodynamics |
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Term
| What is created from all interactions (this takes away from the efficiency of a system)? |
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Definition
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