Term
| What happenes with Mydrasias? |
|
Definition
| Contraction of the dilator muscle and relaxation of the sphincter muscle, which causes the pupil to dilate. |
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Term
| What medication is used to dilate pupils before an examination? |
|
Definition
Anticholinergic agents
Adrenergic agents- phenylephrine |
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|
Term
| What medication is used to produce miosis? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What discharge instructions would be given to a patient taking adrenergic opthalmic solution for inflammation? |
|
Definition
| They should wear sunglasses and avoid activities that require visual acuity because they will be very sensitive to bright lights. |
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Term
| What is the action of timolol maleate (Timoptic)? |
|
Definition
| The exact mechanism of action is unknown but it is thought that it reduces the production of aqueous humor. |
|
|
Term
| What are the adverse effects associated with mannitol (Osmitrol)? |
|
Definition
| Thirst, nausea, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, headace, circulatory overload. |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of action of osmotic agents used to decrease IOP? |
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Definition
| They elevate the osmotic pressure of the plasma, causing fluid from the extravascular spaces to be drawn into the blood. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Clear watery fluid secreted by the ciliary processes, that flows between and nourishes the lens and cornea. |
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Term
| What is the correct method of instilling eye drops? |
|
Definition
- have the patient look up and pull down lower lid to expose conjunctival sac
- instill drops into the sac
- use a tissue to apply pressure to the inner corner of the eyelid on the bone for 1-2 min
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|
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Term
| What assessment data is included with the use of carbonic anhydras inhibitors? |
|
Definition
- check for pregnancy (withhold if pregnant)
- check for allergy to sulfonamide antibiotics
- remove contact lenses
- baseline electrolyte labs
- baseline weight, hydration data, vitals, mental status
- premedication IOP reading, visual acuity
- administer with milk or food if GI symptoms present
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|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of administering a cylcoplegic agent? |
|
Definition
| Opthamologists use them to examine the interior of the eye, to measure the proper strength of lenses, and to rest the eye in inflammatory conditions. |
|
|
Term
| After administration of insulin, what time will symptoms of hypoglycemia occur? |
|
Definition
At the peak of insulin action:
rapid- 1-3 hours
short- 2.5-5 hours
intermediate- 4-12 hours |
|
|
Term
| What test determines glycemic control over the previous 8-10 weeks? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the best time to administer lispro? |
|
Definition
| Whithin 10-15 minutes of a meal |
|
|
Term
| What lab test is preferred screening test for DM in children and nonpregnant adults? |
|
Definition
| Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of action of sulfonylureas? |
|
Definition
- stimulate release of insulin from pancreas
- diminish glucose production and metabolism of insulin by the liver
|
|
|
Term
| What instruction is given to a patient taking metformin? |
|
Definition
- taking this medicine with meals can help reduce the side effects: nausea, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal cramps, flatulence
- do not use alcohol in excess while taking this medication
|
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of type 2 DM |
|
Definition
- cardiovascular disease
- PVD
- visual alterations
- blindness
- renal disease
- infection
- neuropathies
- impotence
- HTN
|
|
|
Term
| Which dietary control measures are used in the management of DM? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which medication is used to treat hypothyroidism? |
|
Definition
T3 & T4 thyroid replacement hormones:
levothyroxine
liothyronine
liotrix
thyroid, USP |
|
|
Term
| Which medication is used to treat hyperthyroidism? |
|
Definition
Antithyroid medicines:
iodine-131
propylthiouracil
methimazole |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of action of propylthiouracil? |
|
Definition
| Act by blocking synthesis of T3 & T4 in the thyroid gland |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of antithyroid drugs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What discharge instructions are given to the patient taking levothyroxine (Synthroid)? |
|
Definition
- this medicine should be taken on an empty stomach
- tachycardia, anxiety, weight loss, abdominal cramping, diarrhea, cardiac palpitations, dysrhythmias, angina pectoris, fever, and intolerance to heat are signs of hyperthyroidism and should be reported to prescribing physician
|
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical manifestations of a patient with hypothyroidism? |
|
Definition
| slow motion, speech, mental processes; lethargy, sedentary habits, decreased appetite, weight gain, constipation, intolerance to cold, weakness, fatigue, subnormal body temp, dry, coarse, thick skin; puffy face, decreased BP, decreased HR, anemia, high cholesterol |
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|
Term
| What lab studies are monitored with a high dose corticosteroid? |
|
Definition
| Electrolyte and glucose tests |
|
|
Term
| What is the rationale for administering glucocorticoid therapy with chemotherapeutic agents? |
|
Definition
| Reduced nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy |
|
|
Term
| What condition would require mineralocorticoid replacement? |
|
Definition
- Addison's disease
- salt-losing adrenogenital syndrome
|
|
|
Term
| Which fluid replacement method would a nurse identify for a patient on fluid restriction? |
|
Definition
| Half of fluids at meal-time, half at per-shift basis |
|
|
Term
| What teaching is included on the use of salt substitutes while on a sodium restricted diet? |
|
Definition
| Salt substitutes are high in potassium so they must be limited |
|
|
Term
| A patient of high doses of corticosteroids may develop which psychiactric complication? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the rationale for monitoring vital signs of patients recieving corticosteroids? |
|
Definition
| Patients taking corticosteroids may accumulate fluid, gain weight, and develop HTN |
|
|
Term
| What are the adverse effects of long term glucocorticoid therapy? |
|
Definition
| May cause cataracts and osteoperosis |
|
|
Term
| Which baseline assessments are important for a patient taking corticosteroids? |
|
Definition
| weight, BP, electrolyte and glucose, I&O, diet, hydration status |
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