Term
| The capsids are built from large number of protein subunits called _____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Viral genomes vary greatly in size and may include from four genes to several hundred genes. Which viral feature is most apt to correlate with the size of the genome? |
|
Definition
| size & shape of the capsid |
|
|
Term
| A recombinant virus has a protein coat derived from T4 bacteriophage and the DNA is derived from a T2 bacteriphage. This recombinant virus when reproduces will give birth to what kind of virus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A virus that infects bacteria, also called phage. A virus that parasitizes a bacterium by infecting and reproducing inside of it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A phage genome that has been inserted into a specific site on a bacterial chromosome. The genitic materical of a bacteriphage, incorporated into the genome of a bacterium and able to produce phages if specifically activated. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Viral DNA, the genectic materical of a virus as incorporated into, and able to replicate with, the genome of a cell host. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A protein partical that is believed to be cause of brain desease such as BSE, scrapie, and Creutzfeldt-Jackob desiease, not visible microscopically, contains no nucleic acid, highly resistant to destruction. Misfolded protein. |
|
|
Term
| Define the characteristic of the lytic cycle? |
|
Definition
| A large number of phages are released at a time. Lyses the cell.... |
|
|
Term
| Define the characteristic of the lysogenic cycle? |
|
Definition
| remains dormid and reproduces with bacterial DNA |
|
|
Term
| What is reverse transcription? Name the enzyme involved in this process. |
|
Definition
A polymerase that catalyzes the formation of DNA on an RNA template, found in oncogenic viruses containing RNA, especially the retroviruses.
RNA-DNA |
|
|
Term
| A researcher lyses a cell that contains nucleic acid molecules and capsomeres of Epstein Barr virus (EBV). The cell contents are left in a covered test tube overnight. The next day this mixture is sprayed on animals. Which of the following would be expected to occur? |
|
Definition
| Would have symptoms of the virus. The animals would be infected. |
|
|
Term
| Name a method that can be effective in preventing viral infection in humans? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an infectious partical incapable of replicating outside of a cell, consisting of RNA or DNA genome surrounded by a protien coat (capsid) and, for some viruses, a membranous envelope. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A plant pathogen against which an organism has little specific defense. No Capsid. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| virus outside of a host cell |
|
|
Term
| What is common to both bacterias and viruses? |
|
Definition
| Both have DNA and nueclic acid |
|
|
Term
| Why are viral diseases hard to cure? |
|
Definition
| always changing and mutating |
|
|
Term
| What was the prevailing notion prior to the time of Darwin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lamarck published his hypothesis in 1809. The main principles of his hypothesis were________________. |
|
Definition
| used and disused, inheritance of a accquired characteristics, species change over time to become complex |
|
|
Term
| Charles Darwin (1823-1913) was the first person to propose __________________. |
|
Definition
| evolution, change over time, explain diversity of organisms, natural selection/selective power |
|
|
Term
| You are studying three populations of birds. Population A has 20 birds, of which 2 is brown (a recessive trait) and 18 are red. Population B has 100 birds, of which 10 are brown. Population C has 60 birds, and 6 of them are brown. In which population is the frequency of the allele for brown feathers highest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The graph in the Figure depicts four possible patterns for the abundance of 3TC-resistant HIV within an infected human over time.
If 3TC resistance is costly for HIV, then which plot (I—IV) best represents the response of a strain of 3TC-resistant HIV over time, if 3TC administration begins at the time indicated by the arrow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which two genera have members that can evade the human immune system by frequently changing their surface proteins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which group includes members that causes red tides that kill many fish, and may even be carnivorous? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A snail-like, coiled, porous test (shell) of calcium carbonate is characteristic of which group? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thread-like pseudopods that can perform phagocytosis are generally characteristic of which group? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diplomonads and parabasalids have modified ____________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Penicillin is an antibiotic that inhibits enzymes from catalyzing the synthesis of peptidoglycan, so which prokaryotes should be most vulnerable to inhibition by penicillin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A thick coated, resistant cell produced by some bacterial cells when they are exposed to harsh conditions. |
|
|
Term
| Between prion and endospore which one is more dangerous and why? |
|
Definition
| has a huge incabation period, cannot be killed by autoimmune |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
384-322 B.C.
Scala naturae
Did not believe in evolution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1707-1778
Binomial System
Did not believe in evolution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1769-1832
paleontology
Did not believe in evolution |
|
|
Term
| Hardy-Weinberg Populations |
|
Definition
very large population size
no gene flow
no mutations
random mating
no natural selection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transfer of allels from one population to another |
|
|
Term
| Classification of Organisms |
|
Definition
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Shrinkage or contraction of the protoplasm away from the wall of a living plant or bacterial cell, caused by loss of water through osmosis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cell Walls, imparts shape, peptidoglycan (gram positive vs. gram negative bacteria) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Only asexual reproduction (binary fission)
Genetic recombination (transformation, conjugation, transduction) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Domain Archaea & Domain Bacteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Proteobacteria, gram positive bacteria, cyanobacteria, spirochetes, chlamydias |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| methanogens, exterme halophiles, extreme thermophiles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| infected host harbors virsus for generations, term temperate viruses, prophage integrates into host DNA, can exit and undergo lytic ccle, occurs when cell is damaged or stressed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an obligate parasite? |
|
Definition
| acellular, obligate intracellular parasite, cannot reproduce by themselves, no intrinsic metabolism, no ribsomes, typically quite and small |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Kingdom Protista, Kindgom Fungi, Kingdom Plantae, Kingdom Animalia |
|
|
