Term
| Name four potential culprits for urinary tract obstruction |
|
Definition
1. prostate hypertrophy
2. fibrous band
3. tumor
4. stricture |
|
|
Term
| hydropnephrosis involve urine backing up into what structures of the kidney |
|
Definition
| renal pelvis and major/minor calyxes |
|
|
Term
| Uncorrected hydronephrosis results in |
|
Definition
| tubulointerstitial fibrosis and apoptosis |
|
|
Term
| Describe tubulointerstitial fibrosis |
|
Definition
| irreversible, excess collagen deposits from untreated urinary tract obstruction. Happens in days. |
|
|
Term
| which gender has higher risks for kidney stones |
|
Definition
1. MEN
2. race
3. tropical areas
4. fluid intake
5. occupation |
|
|
Term
| kidney stones are comprised of |
|
Definition
1. phosphate
or
2. uric acid |
|
|
Term
| describe renal colic pain |
|
Definition
1. moderate to intense pain
2. intense peak and then gradual decline |
|
|
Term
| how can you remove a stone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is bladder neck dyssynergia |
|
Definition
| Dyssynergia is any disturbance of smooth muscular coordination, resulting in uncoordinated and abrupt movements. In bladder neck dyssynergia the bladder contractions do not form a funnel during micturition |
|
|
Term
| severe pelvic organ prolapse is most common in what gender |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Neurogenic detrusor overactivity results in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what neuromuscular disease can lead to detrusor sphincter dyssynergia |
|
Definition
| guilian barre. Causes a discoordination between the detrusor muscle and sphincter. |
|
|
Term
| is a renal adenoma benign or malignant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a persistent UTI sx continue for greater than > __ days |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inflammation of the bladder is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| definition for CHRONIC pyelonephritis |
|
Definition
| Persistent and recurring episodes of acute pyelonephritis that leads to a SHRUNKEN, FIBROTIC kidney |
|
|
Term
| urinary sediment can change and have what three things in ir |
|
Definition
1. proteinuria
2. hematuria
3. lipidurea |
|
|
Term
| what is the difference between nephrotic and nephritic sediment |
|
Definition
Nephrotic Sediment= protein only in urine
Nephritic Sediment = protein + Blood in urine |
|
|
Term
| Which has more protein and hematuria, nephrotic/nephritic or chronic glomerular diseae |
|
Definition
| nephritic/nephrotic > PROTEIN/Blood in sediment than Chronic glomeruluar disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sudden or insiduous onset of HTN, EDEMA, ELevated BUN |
|
|
Term
| most common culprit of glomerulonephritis |
|
Definition
| immunologic abnormalities |
|
|
Term
| list some viral causes of glomerulonephritis |
|
Definition
1. mumps
2. strep in kids
3. PNA
4. HIV
5. Hepatitis
6. Lupus
7. unk |
|
|
Term
| when would acute post-strep glomerulonephritis occur |
|
Definition
| 7-10 days after group strep A in kids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| viral URI or GI. The activated IgA and complement not only attacks pathogen but also binds to mesangial cells which cause them to prliferate and be injuries resulting in glomeerulonephritis |
|
|
Term
| which kind of glomerulonephritis is rapidly progressing and lesion like on the bowman's capsule |
|
Definition
| crescentic glomerulonephritis |
|
|
Term
| Ab formation against pulmonary capillaries and glomerular basement membrane is called |
|
Definition
| goodpasture syndrome (anti-glomerular basement membrane disease) |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of injury for chronic glomerulonephritis |
|
Definition
1. deposits of soluble Ag-Ab
2. formation of Ab against basement membrane
3. loss of negative charge and breakdown of podocytes
4. streptococcal release of neuramidase |
|
|
Term
| nephrotic syndrome invovles the excretion of _ gram per day |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the treatment for nephrotic syndrome |
|
Definition
| so this syndorme looses tons of protien so you want to treat teh s/e which is edema with diuretics and maitnain a normal protein diet. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pre-renal due to hypovolemia, low CO, |
|
|
Term
| Which type of acute kidney injury will not improve with adequate volume of perfusion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common cause of intrarenal kidney injury |
|
Definition
| ATN Acute tubular necrosis |
|
|
Term
| What are the two sub-types of ATN |
|
Definition
1. postischemic
2. nephrotoxic; from drug injuries, excess myoglobin, contrast, some anesthessia. So things that we given or have done to our body which are unrelated to direct supply/demand |
|
|
Term
| what is normal urine specific gravity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the difference in urine specific gravity between pre-renal and intrarenal failure |
|
Definition
normal Specific gravity = 1.003-1.030
Pre-renal: Low BP means no plasma for kidneys to pee out so SG is high. 1.016-1.020
Intrarenal: Low and fixed at 1.010 -1.012 |
|
|
Term
| The osmolarity of the urine between prerenal and intrarenal |
|
Definition
prerenal: HIGH >500 mOsm
Intrarenal: Low <300 mOsm |
|
|
Term
| what is the difference between the BUN:Cr ratio of pre-renal and intrarenal |
|
Definition
prerenal: >15:1 cause BUN rises
Intrarenal: <15:1 BUN & Cr fall together. Meaning Cr rises and is a higher in comparison to BUN. So like 30:2.5 |
|
|
Term
| What's the difference between urine Na in prerenal and intrarenal |
|
Definition
pre-renal: <10 mEq/l body is hypovolumic so holds onto Na.
Intra-renal: >30 mEq/l kidney has issues |
|
|
Term
| What's the difference between FE-Na in prerenal and intrarenal |
|
Definition
pre-renal: <1%
Intra-renal >1% |
|
|
Term
| does intra=renal or prerenal have urine sediment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what stage of CKD will you have sx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| end stage renal failure is CKD stage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| there is a metabolic acidosis when the GFR decreases ___% |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why do bad CKD patients have encephalopathy |
|
Definition
| from build up of nitrogenous waste. High seizure risk! |
|
|
Term
| What happens to WBC and platelets in CKD patients |
|
Definition
| Decrase WBC and deformed platelets |
|
|
Term
| uremic frost on pt skin is associated with what disease |
|
Definition
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