Term
| What are the layers of the shaft of the penis |
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Definition
1. vascular erectile tissue
2. corpus cavernosum: the actual part of the penis that gets engorged when there is an erection
3. corpus spongiosum: maintains patency of urethra and is spongy/stretchable |
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Term
| the tip of the penis which is a glans and cone shaped. The head's base is expanded is called |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| secretions of the glans (penis head) that collect under foreskin of uncircumcised men |
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Term
| prepuce is another name for |
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Definition
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Term
| a tight prepuce that cannot be retracted is called |
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Definition
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Term
| a tight prepuce that once retracted cannot be returned to original position |
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Definition
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Term
| inflammation of the glands of the penis is called |
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Definition
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Term
| penis gland is also called |
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Definition
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Term
| If you feel along the ventral surface of the penis and its indurated what may be wrong |
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Definition
1. urethral stricture
2. carcinoma |
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Term
| if the indurated area in the ventral part of the penis that is tender indicates |
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Definition
| 1. stricture + inflammation |
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Term
| if you notice white/yellow papules or nodules on the scrotum is it a concern |
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Definition
| most likely occluded follicles, called epidermoid cysts. Common and Benign |
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Term
| the pt has a poorly developed scrotum...why |
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Definition
| probably bc his balls didn't drop. Its called cryptochidism |
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Term
| if only one ball dropped whats this called |
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Definition
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Term
| the epididymis is located where in the scrotum |
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Definition
| superior posterior surface of each testicle |
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Term
| the normal feeling of the epididymis is |
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Definition
| feels nodular, cordlike, this is normal |
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Term
| If your balls are swollen, evaluate with a flashlight. What should be normal |
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Definition
| Transillumination should reflect a red glow. |
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Term
| if a patient has blood, or abnormal tissue in their scrotum then transillumination will reveal what |
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Definition
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Term
| Tender painful scrotal swelling has what four possible causes |
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Definition
1. acute epididymitis
2. acute orchitis - inflam of testes
3. torsion of the spermatic cord
4. strangulated inguijnal hernia |
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Term
| Femoral hernias are more common in men or women? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Where is a femoral hernia in comparison to a inguinal hernia |
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Definition
| it is lateral/below the inguinal ligament and to the inguinal hernia areas |
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Term
| will a femoral hernia ever be in the scrotum |
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Definition
| NEVER.. So inguinal canal should always be EMPTY |
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Term
| how do you differentiate between a hydrocele and inguinal hernia |
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Definition
Inguinal hernia
- bowel sounds present in scrotum
-retracts if patient lies flat
Hydrocele:
-if you can find the superior border of the mass than its a hydrocele
- no bowel sounds |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| You find a patient with single or multiple papules or plaques of variable shapes in their genitals..what is this called |
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Definition
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Term
| pt has HPV when would warts show up |
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Definition
| weeks to months due to long incubation period |
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Term
| a patient had sex 2-7 days ago and now has small scattered vesicle son his glans and shaft of his penis..what am i |
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Definition
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Term
| Pt wants to know associated sx of herpes simplex |
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Definition
| fever, malaise, HA, anthralagias. local pain ,edema, recurrence episodes are less painful and shorter |
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Term
| __ is a painful erosion of papules while ___ is a painless erosion of papules |
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Definition
| Herpes simplex=painful erosion of papules Primary symphillis = painless erosion of papules which suggests the chancre of primary syphilis. |
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Term
| Congenital inferior displacement of the urethral meatus is called |
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Definition
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Term
| Palpable, nontender, hard plaques found just beneath the skin, usually along the dorsum of the penis |
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Definition
Peyronie’s Disease
chronic inflammation of the tunica albuginea (CITA), is a connective tissue disorder involving the growth of fibrous plaques[2] in the soft tissue of thepenis |
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Term
| Patient c/o crooked, painful erections |
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Definition
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Term
| Nontender indurated nodule or ulcer of penis, most often in uncircumcised men is likely |
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Definition
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Term
| Scrotal edema seen in what two diseases |
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Definition
1.. HF
2. Nephrotic syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
a nontender, fluid filled mass within the tunica vaginalis
tunica vaginalis: The tunica vaginalis is the serous covering of the testis. It is a pouch of serous membrane. A hydrocele testis is the accumulation of fluids around a testicle, and is fairly common.[citation needed] It is often caused by fluid secreted from a remnant piece of peritoneum wrapped around the testicle, called the tunica vaginalis. |
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Term
| if you illuminate the balls will a hydrocele illuminate |
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Definition
| YES. But cancer or hernia wont. |
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Term
| Acutely inflamed, painful, tender, swollen testis (usually unilateral) |
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Definition
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Term
| painless nodule of testes, heavier than normal testes |
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Definition
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Term
| Painless, movable cystic mass just above the testis can be 2x |
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Definition
1. spermatocele
2. epididymal cyst |
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Term
| does a spermatocele and epididymal cyst contain sperm |
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Definition
| Clinically indistinguishable, but the spermatocele contains sperm and the epididymal cyst does not |
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Term
| the scrotum is red, inflammed, you suspect epididymitis and know its often related to |
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Definition
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Term
| Varicose veins of the spermatic cord are called? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| varicocele inolves the left or right most often |
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Definition
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Term
| varicocele of the spermatic cord is diminished in what position |
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Definition
| supine with balls lifted up |
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Term
| varicocele is associated with infertility..true or false |
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Definition
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Term
| a patient states they have acute painful, tender and swollen balls, no uti present, he is an adolecents... |
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Definition
| surgical emergency - torsion of spermatic cord. |
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Term
| age of onset of menses is called |
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Definition
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Term
| absence of menses for _____ consectutive months at the age of 50 is called ____? |
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Definition
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Term
| menopause is most common at what ages |
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Definition
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Term
| postmenopausal bleeding occurs when |
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Definition
| occurs 6 months or more after cessation of menses |
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Term
| absence of menses is called |
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Definition
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Term
| pain with menses is called |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is premenstrual syndrome |
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Definition
| cluster of emotional, behavioral, and physical sx that occur 5 days before menses for 3 consecutive cycles |
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Term
| is postmenopausal bleeding normally good |
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Definition
| no. Associated with endometrial CA. but can be from uterine polyps or hormone replacement therapy. |
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Term
| pregnancy causes what type of amenorrhea |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the difference between primary and secondary amenorrhea |
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Definition
| secondary is loss of menses after menarche. while primary amenorrhea is no menses and never had a menarche |
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Term
| if your periods are less than 21 days apart it is called |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| excessive bleeding from period |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| common sx of early pregnancy |
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Definition
1. ammenorrhea
2. tenderness/tingling/increase breast size
3. urinary frequency
4. n/v
5. fatigue |
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Term
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Definition
| vaginal discharge and itching |
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Term
| * young, 20yr old women who comes with lower right quadrant pain that is not appendicitis; most likely 2x |
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Definition
| * young, 20yr old women who comes with lower right quadrant pain that is not appendicitis; most likely PID or ovarian cyst |
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Term
| chronic pelvic pain lasts how long? |
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Definition
| > 6 months, unresponsive to treatment and results in hysterectomies |
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Term
| most common cause of acute pelvic pain is |
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Definition
| pelvic inflammatory disesase |
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Term
| what characteresitics of the cervix do you look for |
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Definition
| Note color, position, characteristics of its surface, ulcerations/masses, discharge, bleeding |
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Term
| pap smear involves samples from what two surfaces |
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Definition
1. endocervix
2. ectocervix |
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Term
| a pregnant cervix is what color? Whats the name for this? |
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Definition
| bluish cervix called chadwick's sign |
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Term
| when would it be indicated to do a rectovaginal exam 6x |
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Definition
1. screen for colorectal cancer
2. assess pelvic pathology
3. palpate a retroverted uterus,
4. the uterosacral ligaments
5.cul-de-sac
6. adnexa |
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Term
| a small, firm, round yellowish nodule in the vulva is called |
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Definition
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Term
| a firm, painless ulcer on the groin, suggests |
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Definition
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Term
| shallow, small, painful ulcers on red BASES suggests |
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Definition
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Term
| warty lesions on the labia and or within the vestibule |
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Definition
| venereal wart (condyloma acuminatum) |
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Term
| name three types of vaginitis |
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Definition
1. trichomonal vaginitis
2. canidal vanginitis
3. bacterial vaginosis |
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Term
| which type of vaginitis is from protozoan |
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Definition
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Term
| which type of vaginitis can happen after Abx therapy |
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Definition
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Term
| Which types of vaginitis may have malodorous smells |
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Definition
| TRichomonal vaginitis and bacterial vaginosis |
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Term
| Which type of vaginitis has white and curdy discharge while the other one has thin, white discharge |
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Definition
White/curdy = candidal vaginitis
White/thin = bacterial vaginosis T |
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Term
| the most profuse vaginitis discharge is from |
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Definition
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Term
| which vaginitis has a unpleasant fishy or musty smell |
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Definition
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Term
| which vaginitis has pruritus |
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Definition
1. trichomonal vaginitis 2. candidal vaginitis
b/c remember that bacterial vaginosis has normal vulva and vaginal mucosa |
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Term
| which of the vaginitis have a normal vulva and vaginal mucosa |
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Definition
| bacterial vaginosis is normal vulva and vaginal mucosa. While trichomonal and candidal are reddened with some patches of ulceration ect.. |
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Term
| how do you evaluate for trichomonal vaginitis |
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Definition
| scan saline wet mount for trichomonads |
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Term
| how do you test for candidal vaginitis |
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Definition
| scan potassium hydroxide (KOH) for candida |
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Term
| how do you test for bacterial vaginosis |
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Definition
| scan saline wet mount for clue cells. And sniff for fishy odor after applying KOH (Whiff test) |
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Term
| which vaginitis has a vaginal secretions with pH >4.5 |
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Definition
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Term
| the development or presence of a ring of columnar epithelium at the OS of the cervix is expected under what three conditions |
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Definition
1. pregnancy
2. menarche
3. fetal development |
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Term
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Definition
| it is on the exterior of the cervix. They form from the inner columnar layer. When they get block and can't secrete they form retention cysts you can see from teh vagina. They are normal. |
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Term
| where would you find a cervical polyp |
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Definition
| it arises from the endocervical canal and oftens protrudes thorugh the OS. |
|
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Term
| describe the characteristics of a cervical polyp |
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Definition
| red, soft, and rather fragile. |
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Term
| are cervical polyps benign or malignant |
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Definition
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Term
| what is mucopurulent cervicitis |
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Definition
| purulent yellow discharge from the cervical os. |
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Term
| will mucopuluent cervicitis have sx? What causes it |
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Definition
| no sx. from STDs like chlamydia or gonorrhoeae, or herpes. results in yellow discharge from OS of cervix |
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Term
| on your cervical inspection you note irregular, cauliflowerlike growths.. you suspect |
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Definition
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Term
| ovarian cysts are usually what size? are they mobile? are they benign? |
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Definition
| Ovarian cysts are <6 cm and mobile/benign. They are smooth, compressible and usually not tender. |
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Term
| a benign mass in a female often disappears on its own when |
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Definition
| after the next mensrual period |
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|
Term
| most common cause for pelvic inflammatory disease |
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Definition
STDS
1. gonorrhoeae
2. chlamydia
3. other organisms |
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Term
| PID involves either the __ or __ |
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Definition
infection of the
1. fallopian tubes
2. tubes and ovaries |
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Term
|
Definition
| tubo-ovarian abscess or infertility |
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|
Term
| acute tender, bilateral adnexal masses indicate |
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Definition
| Pelvic inflammatory disease. |
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Term
| your female patient has tense, HOT, very tender abcess on her vulva. what do you suspect |
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Definition
| bartholin's gland infection. look for pus coming out of the duct or erythema around the duct opening. |
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Term
| in discussing women anatomy, what is a cul-de-sac |
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Definition
In women it is the deepest point of the peritoneal cavity, posterior to (behind) the uterus and anterior to (in front of) the rectum. (The pouch on the other side of the uterus is the vesicouterine excavation.) It is near the posterior fornix of the vagina. aka the rectouterine pouch.
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Term
| causes of bartholin's galnd infection |
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Definition
1. trauma
2. gonococci anaerobes
3. chlamydia |
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|
Term
| The disease may cause pain; hardened, big, cord-like lesions (scar tissue known as "plaques"); or abnormal curvature of the penis when erect due to chronic inflammation of the tunica albuginea (CITA). |
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Definition
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Term
| If the patient notes the testicular feels heavier than normal, this is often associated with what |
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Definition
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Term
| a person with a chlamydia infeciton has coexisting urinary tract infection and prostatits as well as what complication with his balls |
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Definition
| often will have acute epididymitis |
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|
Term
| a teste that is red, edematous, with no assoicated UTI, and is acutely painful, tender is from |
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Definition
| torsion of the spermatic cord |
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|
Term
| the most common type of inguinal hernia is |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| men older than 40 years of age will often have this type of inguinal hernia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The point of origin for the direct vs indirect inguinal hernia |
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Definition
direct: above the inguinal ligament, nearer to the external inguinal ring
Indirect: above the inguinal ligament, near its midpoint around hte internal inguinal ring. |
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Term
| which type of inguinal hernia often will course into the scrotum |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| small scattered or grouped vesicles 1-3 mm in size on the glans or shaft of penis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is the primary or recurrent episode for herpes infection asymptomatic |
|
Definition
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|
Term
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Definition
| a painless erosion up to 2 cm in diameter, associated with primary symphillis, the base is clean ,red and smooth and glistening. Borders are raised and indurated. |
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|
Term
| if patient develop 2nd symphilis while chancre still present it suggests |
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Definition
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