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Test 4
Ch21-Ch26
53
Microbiology
Undergraduate 2
07/28/2014

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Term
Skin
Definition
First line of defense
Mechanical and Chemical defense
Normal Flora
-Protective, Gram +, Opportunist
Term
2 minor skin infections
(details)
Definition
Staph aureus
Strep pyogenes

localized infections
systemic
Term
Systemic
Definition
Toxin associated
Term
Typical bacteria types (4)
Definition
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
Pseudomonas
Propionibacteria
Term
Staphyloccus
Definition
clusters
S. aureus-most pathogenic
S. epidermis-opportunist (implants)
S. saprophyticus- opportunist (uti)

most are penicillin G resistant
MRSA-methicillin resistent staph. aureus resist ALL penicilln

catalase pos
coagulase- S. Aureus-pos, Others- neg
Term
Staph aureus
Definition
Coagulase positive
golden yellow colonies
exotoxins- leukocidiins, exfoliative toxin, enterotoxin
MRSA (problem!!)- nasal carriage common, resist all penicillin
--vancomycin effective, but VRSA developing
Term
Staph infection
Definition
Localized
-Follicultis, Furnicle, Carbuncle
-each deeper and more damage
Term
Folliculitis
Definition
Pimple
Term
Furuncle
Definition
Boil
Term
Systemic
Definition
Scalded skin syndrome
Toxic shock
-fever vomiting, rash, shock (asso. with tampons.)
Term
Streptococcus
Definition
>30 species
5 important
especially S. pyogenes, S. agalaciea, S. pneumonia
chains
Term
Hemolysins
Definition
Alpha- partial digestion, green brown color on blood agar
Beta-complete digestion, clearing of red color on blood agar
Gamma- no effect on blood agar, just grows
Term
Virulence factors for toxins
Definition
antiphagocytic: M protien, eyrthrogenic toxin, DNAse, NADase, streptokinase, hyaluronidase, leukocidins
Term
Erysipeals
Definition
High fever, bright red rash
Term
Impetigo
Definition
crushed pustules around mouth, especially newborns
Term
Scarlet fever
Definition
rash
Term
Pharyngitis
Definition
red swollen tonsils, pharynx, purulent exudate on tonsils, high fever, swollen lymph nodes.
Delayed reaction 1-3 days
rhumatic fever heart damage
glomerulonephritis- kidney damage
diagnosed by swab test
-rapid antigen detection test-quick not sensitive
growth-throat swab overnight on blood agar
Term
Pseudomonas
Definition
gram neg
polar flagella
aeroic
blue green pigment- can secrete into media
grape like sweet odor
Term
Pseudomonas awruginosa
Definition
mainly oppourunist
-sick, immunocompromised, burn patients
very tough
-resists almost all antibiotics
Term
Propionibacterum ances
Definition
feeds on sebum-hence problem at puberty
causes inflammation, skin scarring
Term
Warts
Definition
human papilloma virus
benign skin tumors
spread-direct contact
treatment-freeze, burn, electrical, acid
associated with cervical cancers
vaccine
Term
Varicella
Definition
zoster
part of herpes family
one virus
-two diseases- chicken pox, shingles
Term
Chicken pox
Definition
varicella
highly contagious, childhood
virus remains latent in nerve cells
vaccine used to control
old complication with asprin use
-reyes syndrom- rare now
Term
Shingles
Definition
herpes zoster
reactivation
some trigger-trauma, immunosuppression, ?
painful lesions
rash along sensory nerve- trunk, head, eye
Treatment- vaccine, acylovir-soon after outbreak, zoster immune globulin
Term
Herpes simplex type 1
Definition
cold sores
fever blisters
Term
Herpes simplex type 2
Definition
genital sores
clinically same as type 1
can swap sites
Term
Type 1 and 2
Definition
latent in nerve cells
tirgger
-trauma, UV, immunosuppression, ??
treatment-acyclovir
Term
Measles
Definition
respiratory route
characteristic kiplik spots in throat
-red spots-bluish/white specks in center
extremely infectious
sotry-virus can linger2hrs after infected child leaves waiting room-cold still infect
can be deadly kills many in refugee camps
Term
Fungal diseases
Definition
cutaneous
hair, nails, outer layer
Tinea capitis-head
Tinea pedis- foot
ringworm
release keratinase-raised inflamed ring, healing center
loss hair, flaky skin, crumbly nails
Term
sporotrichosis
Definition
cut in skin
soil fungus
-roses, sphagnum moss
may spread via lymph system
Term
opportunistic cutaneous
Definition
candidiasis
-yeast like fungus
oral cavity-thrush
-white coating
groin-diaper rash
-vaginitis
Term
scabies
Definition
burrowing mites
extreme itching
Term
Keratitis
Definition
inflammation of cornea
Term
Conjunctiva
Definition
inflammation of conjunctiva
-outer coating eyeball, inner eyelid
Staph, strep, neiseseria
Term
Trachoma
Definition
leading cause of preventable blindness
Chlamidia trachomatis
-infects epithelial cells of eye
-causes hard pustules inner surface eyelid
-scratches eye when blink
Term
Keratitis
Definition
acanthamoeba
-esp in contact lens wearers
--improperly prepared saline sol'n
--not heated enough
Term
Infection of CNS
Definition
membranes
-meningitis
--headache, nausea, vomiting, stiff neck, convulsions,coma, death
--necrosis, clogged bv, edema
Term
Spinal tap results
Definition
cerebrospinal fluid
Neisseria meningitis- 5-40
streptococcus pneumonia- >40
haemophilus influenzae type 2 mos-5yrs
treat promptly
-penicillin G, Ceftriaxone
Term
Listeriosis
Definition
listeria monocytogenes
-pregnant women
--sepsis, bacteremia
-fetus/baby, elderly, immonosuppressed
--still births, neurological problems- meningitis
Term
Foodborne listeriosis
Definition
Dairy products
-milk, soft cheese
Deli meats
can grow at refrigerator temps
Term
Tetanus
Definition
Clostridium tetani
obligat anaerobe
gram positive
endospore forming
soil bacteria
deep puncture wounds
-little bleeding, little oxygen
-secretes toxins-neurotoxin
--spastic paralysis
--contracts not relax
--cannot breathe, lock jaw
Term
Treatment for tetanus
Definition
vaccination DPT
passive immunity
-tetanus immune glonulin
active immunity
-tetanus toxoid vaccine
Term
Clostridium botulism
Definition
similar to tetanus
exotoxin
-90% foodborne
--ingest toxin
--smoked fish
--improper canned veggies
---especially non acid-pH>4.7
very potent
colorless, odorless, tasteless
heat sensitive-boiling kills
neurotoxin
-flaccid paralysis
-never contracts
respiratory failure-"iron lung"
Term
Botulism in honey for infants
Definition
bacteria ingested in honey
can survive/grow in intestine
produce toxin
Term
Polio
Definition
viral disease
humans only known host
infecting people for long time
ingestion by fecal contaminated water
Term
Vaccine for polio
Definition
salk-fromalin inactivated
-mainly used now
sabin-live attenuated
-not in use
-problem-reversion
--vaccinated will shed fully active virus
Virus will soon be eliminated
-enough people vaccinated
-virus will have no where to live
Term
Rabies
Definition
rhabdo virus
ss RNA virus
bullet shaped, enveloped
Bite from infected animal-saliva
-travels vis peripheral nerves to CNS
-fatal encephalitis
takes time
incubation weeks to years, allow time for vaccination
once symptoms appear, 100% mortality-headach fever, nausea, coma, death
causes hydrophobia
Term
hydrophobia
Definition
fear of water
swallowing, thought of swallowing
-trigger painful pharyngeal muscle spasms, foaming at mouth
--not want to swallow
Term
Treatment for rabies
Definition
clean bite
hyperimmune rabies serum around bite
Vaccination
-series of shots over time
-virus grown in human diploid fibroblast cells. harvest and inactivate
Term
Cryptococcus
Definition
fungal
-yeast like
inhale infected pigeon droppings
-lungs asymptomatic, through blood to brain
--meningoencephalitis
---headache, confusion, nausea, seizures, coma
aids, immunosuppressed at risk.
ampotericin B
Term
Protozoal
Definition
african sleeping skckness
-Trypanosoma
--vector TseTse fly
progressive disease
blood>lymph nodes>CNS
-sleep continually, coma, death
organism keeps changing outer glycoprotein coat
Term
Amoeba
Definition
naegleria spp
meningo-encephalitis
-thru nasal passages to brain
-assoc with swimming in poor water
-opportunist
-95% die w/in week
Term
Prions
Definition
protien
animals, humans
spongiform encephalopathy
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