Term
|
Definition
| European forerunners of the modern U.S. prison, where offenders were sent to lean discipline and regular work habits. |
|
|
Term
What is a classification facility? |
|
Definition
| A facility to which newly sentenced offenders are taken so that their security risks and needs can be assessed and they can be assigned to a permanent institution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The classification assigned to an inmate to indicate the degree of precaution that needs to be taken when working with that inmate. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Usually small, minimum-security institutions hat house both men and woment with the goal of normalizing the prison environment by integrating the daytime activities of the sexes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A facility, usually operated at the local level, that holds convicted offenders and unconvicted persons for relatively short periods. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The segregation of inmates for their own safety. |
|
|
Term
Less-Eligibility Principle |
|
Definition
| The position that prisoners should receive no service or program superior to the services and programs available to free citizens without charge. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An institutional setting in which persons sharing some characteristics are cut off from the wider society and expected to live according to institutional rules and procedures. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A theory that the inmate society is shaped by the attributes inmates bring with them when they enter prison. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A philosophy under which courts are reluctant to hear perisoners' claims regarding their rights while incarcerated. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A method of prison release whereby inmates are released at the discretion of a board or other authority before having completed their entire sentences; can also refer to the community supervision received upon release. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A method of prison release under which an inmate is released after serving a legally required portion of his or her sentence, minus good-time credits. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The return of probationers to crime during or after probation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A constellation of values, norms, and roles that regulate the way inmates interact with one another and with prison staff. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The secret exchange of goods and services among inmaes; the black market of the prison. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The subfield of corrections in which offenders are supervised and provided services outside uail or prison. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Organized, systematic efforts to remove individuals from further processing in criminal justice by placing them in altenative programs; diversion may be pretrial or posttrial. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A sentence in which the offender, rather than being incarcerated, is retained in the community inder the supervision of a probation agency and required to abide by certain rules and conditions to avoid incarceration. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A PSI is a presentence investigation. Which is an incestigation conducted by a probation agency or other designated authority at the request of a court into the past behavior, family circumstances, and personality of an adult who has been convicted of a crime, to assist the court in determining the most appropriate sentence. |
|
|
Term
| What are probation conditions? |
|
Definition
| Rules that specify what an offender is and is not to do during the course of a probation sentence. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The pepeal of a probation sentence or parole, and substitution of a more restrictive sentence, because of violation of probation or parole conditions. |
|
|
Term
What is home confinement? |
|
Definition
| A program that requires offenders to remain in their homes except for approved periods of absence; commonly used in combination with electronic monitoring. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Community-based residential facilities that are less secure and restrictive than prison or jail but provide a more controlled environment than other community correctional programs. |
|
|
Term
What was confinement used for prior to the 1600s & 1700s? |
|
Definition
1. Detain people before trial
2. Hold prisoners awaiting other sanctions
3. Coerce payments of debts and fines
4. Hold and punish slaves
5. Achieve religious indoctrination/spiritual reformation
6. Quarantine disease |
|
|
Term
What was institutional confinement used for after the 1600/1700's? |
|
Definition
| Used for only major crimes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Believed that inmates should live in a —safe, humane, and orderly penal environment.
—And that they should have instilled in them religious
teaching, hard work, and solitary
confinement to instill discipline and reform inmates. |
|
|
Term
What were reformatories designed for? |
|
Definition
1. For younger, less hardened offenders
2. Based on a military model of regimentation
3. With indeterminate terms
4. With parole/early release for favorable progress in
reformation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Walled prison w/large cell block, contained three or
more tiers of one- or two-man cells
2. Often exploited inmate labor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A kind of prison classified by different security levels; minimun, medium, maximum. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A short term holding facility; frequently located at
or near police agency. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Readmit probation, parole, and bail nond violators and absconders
- Temporarily detain juveniles peding transfer
- Hold mentally ill
- Hold indiciduals for military
- Hold indiciduals for protective custody
- Hod individuals for contempt
- Hold witnesses for the courts
- Release convicted inmates
- Transfer inmate to other authorities
- House inmates for federal, state, or other authorities
- Sometimes operate community-based programs
- Hold inmates sentenced to short terms
|
|
|
Term
| What is life in prison include? |
|
Definition
- Pronounced deprivaiton of personal freedom and material goods
- Loss of privacy
- Cometition for scarce resources
- Greater insecurity, stress, unpredictability
|
|
|
Term
| What is the private culture? |
|
Definition
Includes the convict code, which is values, norms, and roles that regualte the way inmates interact iwht one another and staff.
Includes:
- Mind own affairs
- Not informing on illicit activities of other inmates
- Inmates should be indefferent to staff/layal to inmates
- Conning and manipulation skills are valued
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When inmates try to take advantage of resources available for personal betterment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Achieving positions of influence in inmate society. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Getting out ASAP, avoiding hard time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Make believe families.
- Women adopt male and female roles.
- Family activity and homosecual activity appear. relatively independent of each other.
- Majority were heterosexual before prison and will be upon release.
|
|
|
Term
What are the forms of inmate roles? |
|
Definition
Square: primarily noncriminals before imprisonment; tend to go toward conventional behavior in prison.
Life: habitual offenders, display antisovial and antiauthority behavior.
Cool: sophisticated professional criminals who try to do easy time by manipulating other inmates and the staff to their own advantage. |
|
|
Term
What are eighth amendment rights? |
|
Definition
Right to no cruel and unusual punishments.
This includes:
Staff brutality and totality of conditions |
|
|
Term
What is in the Fourteenth Amendment? |
|
Definition
- Due process and equal protection
- Protects against racial and gender discrimination
- Rights of female inmates underdeveloped
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Good deal, but not all, has sexual undertones.
- Not all instances of sex in prison are violent or homosexual.
- Sexual encounters can involve both staff and inmates.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Father of probation.
Developed through English common law:
Benefit of clegergy
Judicail reprieve
1878, Massachusetts passes first probation law |
|
|
Term
| What are the 5 types of probation? |
|
Definition
1. Straight: no incarceration
2. Suspended-sentence: sentence is suspended as long as performing well on probation
3. Split sentence: jail time plus probation
4. Shock: two sentences, first prison, then probation
5. Residential: e.g., halfway house |
|
|
Term
What are the four fundimental objectives to parole? |
|
Definition
- Provide community safety
- Offender betterment and reintegration
- Relieve and contain prison overcrowding
- Control inmate behavior
|
|
|
Term
List four ways in which inmates may be released from prison? |
|
Definition
- Expiration of maximum sentence
- Commutation
- Release at discretion of paroling authority
- Mandatory release
|
|
|
