Term
| which organelles reproduce by binary fission? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| relaxed DNA stands in cell nucleus during interphase of cell cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| chromatin after it has coiled and condensed during mitosis or meiosis |
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Term
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Definition
| one of two replicated strands of DNA which compose chromosome before they separate during anaphase of mitosis or anaphase II of meiosis |
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Definition
| point where two sister chromatids are connected |
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Term
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Definition
| structure at either side of centromere where spindle fibers attach |
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Term
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Definition
| network of microtubule fibers which aid in the separation of chromatids and/or homologous pairs during cell division |
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Term
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Definition
| includes fertilization of egg by sperm (combination of genetic material from two different parents); meiosis occurs at some point in life cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| no combination of genetic material; offspring is identical to parent |
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Term
| how does binary fission and mitosis differ? |
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Definition
binary fission means bi=two&Fission -means split; cell splits into two new cells.Method forprokaryotic cells to reproduce
No nucleus in prokaryotic cells so there can be noMitosis (division of nucleus) |
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Term
| how does cytokinesis differ between plants and animals? |
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Definition
An animal cell has no cell wall so in order for the cytoplasm to divide near the end of mitosis, the membrane cleaves inward.
Eventually, the cell pinches in until it squeezes into two halves.A plant cell has a cell wall so the sides cannot pinch inward.
Instead, vesicles carrying cell wall material accumulate between the two newly developing cells.
Eventually, the cell wall is finished between the two cells, completely separating the new daughter cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| one of two homologous pairs of chromosomes that make up the diploid number of chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| a picture of all the chromosomes in individuals |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| individual’s actual genetic make-up |
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Term
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Definition
| one variation of a gene; section of chromosome on one homologue |
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Term
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Definition
| inheritable trait carried on homologous chromosomes; section of chromosome located on a specific location on the homologues |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| more than two variants of alleles in a population; but each individual has only two of the several possible |
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Term
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Definition
| more than one gene for a trait per individual |
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Term
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Definition
| both alleles which make up a gene are expressed in the phenotype |
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Term
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Definition
| two variants of alleles for a gene but neither is dominant, neither is recessive; but phenotype for heterozygous condition is blend of the two; white flower & red flower= pink flower |
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Term
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Definition
| position on chromosome where gene is located |
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Term
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Definition
| a traits appearance; what’s expressed |
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Term
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Definition
| alleles located on sex (usually X) chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| alleles located on autosomes; phenotype determined by sex of individual |
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Term
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Definition
| an allele which is expressed |
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Term
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Definition
| an allele which is not expressed as long as there is a dominant allele on the matching homologue, but expressed if both alleles are recessive |
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Term
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Definition
| a gene composed of one dominant and one recessive allele |
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Term
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Definition
| a gene composed of alleles which are the same, both dominant or both recessive |
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Term
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Definition
| any chromosome other than sex chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| chromosome which determines individual’s sex; x or y chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| a physical alteration of a chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| color blindness and hemophilia |
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Term
| examples of sex influenced |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| hair color, skin color,height and eye color |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| examples of incomplete dominance |
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Definition
| red and white flowers are neither dominant over each other, producing a pink flower |
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Term
| what is it meant by deletion |
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Definition
removes a chromosomal segment
ABCDE---ABCE |
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Term
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Definition
| duplication,inversion,tranlocation |
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Term
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Definition
repeats a segment
ABCDEF--ABCBCDEF |
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Term
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Definition
inverses a segment
ABCDEF--ACBDEF |
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Term
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Definition
| adds an extra chromosome so instead of two you have three |
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Term
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Definition
| moves a segment and moves it somewhere else |
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Term
| what are the three major difference between DNA and RNA? |
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Definition
DNA is double stranded; RNA is single
DNA has deoxyribose; RNA is ribose
DNA uses thymine;RNA uses uracil |
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Term
| what are the 4 nitrogen bases that make up the nucleotides? |
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Definition
| thymine,adenine,guanine,cytosine |
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Term
| which of the nitrogen bases are found in RNA and DNA? |
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Definition
| adenine, guanine and cytosine |
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Term
| what nitrogen bases are found in DNA only? |
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Definition
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Term
| what nitrogen base is in RNA only |
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Definition
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Term
| which bases are pyrimidines? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what is it meant by double helix? |
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Definition
| During the S-phase of Interphase of the cell cycle, the DNA molecule must replicate. |
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Term
| what is it meant by complementary base pairing? |
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Definition
| The addition of new nucleotides which is always A:T & G:C |
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Term
| what is it meant by semi conservative replication? |
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Definition
| As each new strand of DNA is added nucleotide-by-nucleotide to the two original strands (blue), each new molecule is made of one new strand attached to one original strand. |
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Term
| what types of bonds hold the double helix strands of DNA together? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the 3 types of RNA? |
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Definition
| Messenger RNA,Transfer RNA,Ribosomal RNA |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what are the steps of transcription? |
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Definition
| INITIATION,ELONGATION,TERMINATION |
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Term
| what are the processes involved in each step of transcription? |
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Definition
INITIATION-first complementary RNA nucleotide begins mRNA chain
ELONGATION-complementary pairing of RNA nucleotides to DNA section continues to lengthen mRNA chain; C pairs with G; and U pairs with A
TERMINATION-last RNA nucleotide pairs with DNA and mRNA strand is completed |
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Term
| what are the steps of translation? |
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Definition
| INITIATION,ELONGATION,TERMINATION |
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Term
| what are the processes involved in each step of translation? |
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Definition
INITIATION-“start codon” starts polypeptide chain; first amino acid brought in by tRNA; codon--sequence of three mRNA nucleotides which pair to the complementary anticodonof the tRNA
ELONGATION-code carried to ribosome by mRNA is used to build a specific sequence of amino acids; polypeptide (sequence of amino acids) lengthens
TERMINATION-last amino acid brought to ribosome and polypeptide is completed |
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Term
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Definition
| copies gene and takes code (message) to ribosome to be translated |
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Term
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Definition
| brings amino acids to ribosome |
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Term
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Definition
| structural molecules that help make up ribosome units |
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Term
| what are the two stages of protein synthesis ? |
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Definition
| transcription and translation |
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Term
| where does transcription take place? |
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Definition
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Term
| where does translation take place? |
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Definition
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Term
| which occurs first? transcription or translation? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the role of codons in protien synthesis |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the role of anticodons in protien synthesis |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the role of RNA nucleotides in protien synthesis |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the role of amino acids in protien synthesis? |
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Definition
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