Term
| which sphincter on the lower GI tract is voluntarily controlled? Which is involuntary |
|
Definition
external anal sphincter is voluntary
Internal anal sphincter is involuntary |
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Term
| what part of the lower GI tract has somatic sensory nerves? Why is this important |
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Definition
| The anal canal has somatic sensory input. The actual rectum DOES NOT. Therefore anything you put in the anal canal can illicit pain and discomfort. The rectum like other internal organs illicit visceral pain. |
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Term
| At what age does the prostate greatly increase in size |
|
Definition
| between puberty and 20 years of age prostate increases 5 x fold. |
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Term
| On prostate exam what should you be able to feel? |
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Definition
| should be able to feel the two posterior lobes of the prostate and are connected by a median fissure that is also palpable. |
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Term
| For females what can you palpate in similar fashion through the anterior wall of the rectum as you would for a guy? |
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Definition
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Term
| The anorectal junction is also called? what is physiologically there |
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Definition
| the pectinate or dentate line. It is a landmark that demarcates the difference from skin to mucous membrane of the anal canal to the rectum. It is also the line of demarcation between the somatic and visceral nerve supplies. |
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Term
| primary risk factors for prostate cancer are? 3x |
|
Definition
1. age >50
2. ethnicity > in african americans
3. family history |
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|
Term
| PSA > ___ is considered a positive test for prostate cancer |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| At risk patients for colorectal cancer should undergo colonoscopy how often |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The normal prostate should feel |
|
Definition
| rubbery and nontender. May make you feel like you have to pee when pressed on it. |
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|
Term
| cancer of the rectum will often present upon digital examination as? |
|
Definition
| firm, nodular, rolled edges of an ulcerated cancer. |
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|
Term
| a normal prostate should be |
|
Definition
1. round
2. heart shaped
3. approximately 2.5 cm long
4. have a evident median sulcus between both its lateral lobes |
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|
Term
| what are Sx of acute bacterial prostatitis |
|
Definition
1. fever
2. urinary tract Sx (urgency, frequency, dysuria, incomplete voiding, low back pain)
3. Prostate feels swollen (boggy) warm |
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|
Term
| most common cause of bacterial prostatitis is |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| is the pectinate palpable? |
|
Definition
| NO, only visible on proctoscopic exam |
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Term
| when assessing the male you point your inspection in what direction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| normal size of a prostate is similar to a __ |
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Definition
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Term
| the difference between an internal and external origin of a hemmorhoid is separated by what landmark |
|
Definition
| pectinate line. The internal hem are above it and external below it |
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Term
| anal pain is not from internal but could be from what two things |
|
Definition
1. external hem that are thromboses
2. anal fissures (VERY PAINFUL) |
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|
Term
| are internal hem palpable |
|
Definition
| no bc they are covered by columar epithelium which also has no pain receptors |
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|
Term
| internal hem are covered by what type of cells? Do that have pain innervations? |
|
Definition
| Columar epithelium cells which lack pain receptors |
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Term
| if you see red lumpy skin that looks like a dougnut or rosette outside of the anus it is? |
|
Definition
| a prolapse of the rectal mucosa |
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|
Term
| are polyps common? can you palpate them easily? |
|
Definition
| Yes, difficult to feel. Should biopsy |
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|
Term
| what is anorectal cancer and where do you often palpate findings of such |
|
Definition
| firm nodular like presentation most often on the posterior side of the rectum or anal vault. Can be ulcerative or bloody. |
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Term
| A colonoscopy goes how far up the GI tract |
|
Definition
| all the way to the ileocecal valve |
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|
Term
| A sigmoidoscopy inspects how far up the GI tract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in what position is a anal fissure most often to occur |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| presence of anal fissure will cause some difficulty examining the patient because it will cause what to the sphincter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Your prostate feels "boggy" you suspect |
|
Definition
| acute bacterial prostatitis |
|
|
Term
| is acute or chronic bacterial prostatitis associated with recurrent UTI's |
|
Definition
| chronic bacterial prostatitis |
|
|
Term
| what is the mortality rate of prostate cancer in men |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| does having a hard area of the prostate always indicate prostate cancer |
|
Definition
| NO. Can by from prostatic stones or chronic inflammation |
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