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In 1909 Diaghilev assembled a group of leading dancers of the Russian Imperial Ballet:
Michel Fokine
Anna Pavlova
Vaslav Nijinsky
Tamara Karsavina
Mikhail Mordkin |
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| Picasso, Matisse, Bakst, Denois, Derain Braque, Utrillo, Miro, Tchelitchev, deChirico, and Rouault. |
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| Stravinsky, Prokofiev, Ravel, Debussy, Richard Strauss, Satie Falla, Milhaud and Poulenic |
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| Michel Fokine, Vaslav Nijinsky, Leonide Massine, Bronislava Nijinsky, and George Balachine |
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Serge Diaghilev (1872-1929)
(like Don King, promoted talent) |
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NOT dancer or choreographer,
Fulfulled Noverre's dream of making dance a collaborative art. Truly made ballet a major modern art form.
Moved to Paris from Russia because he felt stifled. Created the company, The Ballet Russe. (The company was later renamed The Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo due to financial reasons).
He was a man full of contradictions; wordly and educated; superstitious; hypochondriac, ignored diabetes. Died near canals in Venice Italy |
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| Diaghilev and the Ballet Russe |
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He ruled his company like a czar.
His dancer's were all expected to take Slavic names. His original dancers were from Russia, but many of his later performers were from throughout Europe When he died so did the company. Subsequent Ballet Russes did not stand up to the original. |
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Michel Fokine (1880-1942)
1st Choreographer |
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Entered Russian Imperial Ballet at 9
Famous for his teaching techniques
Stifled by Petipa, joined Diaghilev in Paris.
Designed own fabrics of silk that were rich and vibrant. Dazzled audiences with Arabian works.
Most of his ballets were one act. Freed ballet from long divertissements. Always fought against tradition; Impressed and inspired by Isadora Duncan.
His ballets were concerned with human emotions though themes were exotic.
Fired by Diaghilev due to personal reasons.
MADE BALLET HOT AND PASSIONATE |
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Firebird (about a Russian Fairy) Music by Stravinsky
Petrouchka: Music by Stravinsky
Scheherazade: (Arabian Nights story ending in orgy.) Began era of bright set design. Set by Leon Baskt.
Les Sylphide: Music By Chopin
Spectre de la Rose: Spirit of the Rose Cleopatra: created awe when she appeared wrapped in veils The Dying Swan: Depicted a mortally wounded swan having to surrender to death. Danced by Anna Paulova. Symbolized her own immortality |
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Vaslav Nijinsky (1889-1950)
2nd Choreographer |
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One of greatest male dancers of all time Began as dancer, then choreographer He danced the role of a rose in Fokine's Spectre de la Rosa. He appeared androgynous. L'Apres-Midi d'un Faun (Afternoon of a Faun) 1912 Music by Debussy Depicts ancient Greek styles from vase paintings. This was done by moves of straight lines, angles and turned in positions. Makes love to scarf at end. LeSacre de Printemps(Rite of Spring)1913 Music by Stravinsky. Maiden dances self to death to please gods. Music caused first fights in audience. Diaghilev fired him in 1913 when he got married. He returned to company but not the same. Pronounced mentally ill in 1917 and stopped dancing.
Influenced by Isadora Duncan |
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Leonide Massine (1895-1979)
3rd Choreographer |
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| Diaghilev educated, shaped and encouraged him to be the next great performer and choreographer for his company. Danced as the cobbler in The Red Shoes His choreography was witty and sophisticated. He created 50 works in all: The 3 Cornered Hat (set by Picasso) Depicts a woman who manages to rid herself of demanding attention of an arrogant governor. Parade (1917): Costumes by Picasso, music by Eric Satie. LaBoutiqueFantasque(1919) Comedy about a doll coming to life. Diaghilev became interested in Cubist and Surrealistic painters. Massine created Cubism |
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Bronislava Nijinska (1891-1972)
4th Choreographer (Vaslav's Sister) |
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Replaced Massine in the 1920's Choreographed two comedies about the Riviera smart set "Les Biches" and "Le Train Bleu" She was a satirist. Her masterpiece was "Les Noces" about a Russian peasant wedding. She filled the stage with monumental architectural groupings of dancers to convey the awesomenous of religious sacraments and the natural cycle of growth and regeneration. Music was by Stravinsky
Still remains outstanding modern piece |
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George Balanchine (1908-1983)
5th and Final Choreographer |
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| Revolutionized the look of dancers, more athletic. Trained as both dancer and musician in St. Petersburg. Joined the State Co 1921 Forced to quit dancing in 1927 due to a knee injury. Diaghilev educated him and molded his taste for art. Choreographed 10 ballets for Ballet Russe, only two still survive:"The Prodigal Son" Retells the biblical story of a son who rejects his father. Its style is impressionistic. Music by Prokofiev. "Apollo" (the Sun God) was more modern. Depicts the birth of Greek God Apollo. He encounters 3 muses and soon matures into the great god he was to become.Calm music by Stravinsky. He loved women, married eight times. After Diaghilev's death, it was hard for him to find work in Europe. Moved to America in 1933 with help of Lincoln Kirstein. |
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Anna Pavlova (1881-1931)
First Dancer |
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| Trained at the Imperial Ballet in St. Petersburg. Began touring with Diaghilev, but always at odds with him. She founded her own company in 1910 Toured worldwide 1910-1925, giving over 4000 performances. Toured with Italian danseur and teacher, Enrico Cecchetti. She had poor turnout, but magic on stage. Legend because of the way she performed: Dramatic; Graceful; Airy; Poetic; Effortless Danced Fokine's "The Dying Swan" The ballet represented her own life. Simple ballet about a fatally injured swan trying to fight of death and finally gives in. The simple fluttering movements brought audience to tears. 1931 came down with pneumonia. On deathbed said "Prepare my swan costume" She and Diaghilev valued classical dance as a root to their theatrical modern ballet dance works. |
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| Takes realistic objects and puts in unrealistic situations |
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| Takes an object and shows different angles in one picture |
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