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Test 3
Running Water, Plate Tectonics, Earthquakes, Seafloor, Deformation
86
Geology
Undergraduate 3
06/23/2011

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Cards

Term
Stream
Definition
Any channelized flow of water
Term

Laminar

(type of flow)

Definition
water all moves together
Term

Turbulent

(type of flow)

Definition
Churning/mixing/swirling water
Term
Gradient
Definition
Slope
Term
Discharge
Definition
Amount of water flowing
Term
Amazon River
Definition
World's largest river
Term
Head/Head waters
Definition
Source, begining of river
Term
Mouth
Definition
end of river
Term
Base Level
Definition
as streams approach their mouths, gradient drops
Term
ultimate base level
Definition
when the mouth joins the sea
Term
temporary/local base level
Definition
when it enters a body of water before it goes into the sea
Term
in solution
Definition
materials found in soil dissolve
Term
dissolved load
Definition
what is carried in solution
Term
in suspension
Definition
picked up and carried
Term
water velocity
Definition
how fast the water is moving
Term
bed load
Definition
along the bottom of the streams channel
Term
settling velocity
Definition
speed at which particles fall through still liquids
Term
capacity
Definition
the max amount of solid particles a stream can transport
Term
competence
Definition
measure of the max size of particles it is capable of transporting
Term
alluvium
Definition
well sorted material
Term
bars
Definition
material settles out in areas of the river channel
Term
braided stream/channel
Definition
bars that build up and choke off the main channel
Term
flood plains
Definition
areas underwater when flood waters overflow the primary channel
Term
natural levees
Definition
high areas that form next to a river
Term
backswamp
Definition
the section of a flood plain where deposits of fine silts and clay settle after a flood
Term
yazoo tributaries
Definition
small rivers form that eventually enter the main channel
Term
backwater
Definition
when levees are high, the water flows back into the yazoo tributaries
Term
delta
Definition
where a stream flows into a lake or ocean
Term
distributary channel
Definition
where a stream enters the sea
Term
foreset bed
Definition
material that settles out first
Term
topset bed
Definition
most recent material
Term
bottom set beds
Definition
clay mixed with marine organisms
Term
meanders
Definition
turns or bends in a river
Term
cut-off
Definition
space between the neck
Term
neck
Definition
narrow area between meanders
Term
oxbow lake
Definition
meandering streams become so sinuous that individual meanders get cut off
Term
rift valley
Definition
where crustal upwarf was and collapsed
Term
plate boundary
Definition
dropping below sea level and filling with water
Term
sea floor spreading
Definition
magma seems and cools and forms new basaltic crust
Term
mid atlantic ridge
Definition
primary divergent plate boundary
Term
euclidean geometry
Definition
when the crust is building somewhere, it's being taken from somewhere else
Term
transform plate boundary
Definition
with so much pressure on one edge, it causes a fault
Term
tsunami
Definition
tidal wave
Term
liquifaction
Definition
turns jelly
Term
hot spots
Definition
lumpy globs between big thick areas and the lower mantel
Term
plume
Definition
areas of weakness (very hot liquid comes through and melts the crust)
Term
ocean
Definition
crust is thinner in the:
Term
Pipe
Definition
area that is burned where the hot liquid comes out
Term
dormant
Definition
inactive volcano
Term
volcanic island arc
Definition
the plates move and the plume moves, and forms: (like hawaii)
Term
sea mount
Definition
undersea volcano
Term
because the plate isn't moving very much
Definition
why does africa have the most hot spots
Term
africa
Definition
second largest plate
Term
basalt
Definition
sea floor is primarily made up of:
Term
sonar waves
Definition
we rely on _____ to find the depth of the ocean
Term
continental shelf
Definition
part of the ocean that is transgressed
Term
continental slope
Definition
where it drops off...like in the ocean where the sand drops down
Term
continental rise
Definition
where the rock and sediments fall off and gather
Term
terrigenous
Definition
sediments that come from the land
Term
biogenous
Definition
sediments with biological origins
Term
hydrogenous
Definition
sediments that originate on the sea floor
Term
submarine canyon
Definition
water cuts a groove in the rocks
Term
abyssal plains
Definition
sediments that settle evenly end up being the flattest and leveled
Term
japan
Definition
who sits on a subduction zone
Term
africa
Definition
who sits on a convection cell
Term
33 thousand feet
Definition
how deep is the challenger deep
Term
sea mounts
Definition
volcanoes on sea floor
Term
fringing reef
Definition
what forms around a sea mount
Term
atoll
Definition
what happens to a completely weathered away island
Term
lagoon
Definition
the water on the inside of an atoll
Term
guyot
Definition
an island that has weathered away completely and is now undersea
Term
calcareous ooze
Definition
a sediment on the sea floor that is a mixture of soil products. high in clay and decomposing calcareous organisms
Term
siliceous ooze
Definition
a sediment on the sea floor that is silicon shelled calcareous organisms
Term
pelagic clay
Definition
what sediment covers the majority of the sea floor
Term
12000
Definition
average depth of the ocean
Term
deformation
Definition
the deforming of existing sedimentary rock layers
Term
elongation
Definition
stretching
Term
compression
Definition
squeezing
Term
displacement
Definition
when the layers get shifted
Term
anticline
Definition
uplifted portion (bends up)
Term
cyncline
Definition
downdip (folds down)
Term
graben
Definition
down
Term
horst
Definition
up
Term
orogenies
Definition
geologic event
Term
lake baykal
Definition
geologic fault zone/ worlds deepest freshwater lake
Term
indian and eurasian plate collision
Definition
formed himalayas
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