Term
| Burgoon's Model of Persuasion |
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Definition
| Persuader intentionally creates a message to influence a target's beliefs, attitudes, values, and/or behavior |
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Term
| Feistinger's Cognitive Dissonance |
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Definition
1 – arouse dissonance
2 – present ways to reduce the dissonance (persuasion)
* Cognitive = thought
* dissonance = disharmony |
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Term
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Definition
*Behavior is predictable.
Our attitudes about personal rewards and how others will feel about us
* Expectation of personal reward
* Expectation of approval from others |
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Term
| Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs |
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Definition
We satisfy these needs in order:
Physiological needs - basic needs to survive
Safety needs - Onstar, Allstate
Social needs - needs to belong (military recruitment commercials)
Self-esteem needs - feeling better than others (Weight Watchers commercials)
Self-actualization needs - Being the best you can be (weight loss or health ads) |
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Term
| Theory of Psychological Reactance |
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Definition
We need to be in control of our actions
* Resistance to change = psychological reactance |
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Term
| Destructive resistance to persuasion |
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Definition
| Resisting for the sake of resisting |
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Term
| Constructive resistance to persuasion |
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Definition
Contributes positively to the situation
*Stanley Milgram Experiments |
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Term
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Definition
Lack of understanding
* night owls think 12 means midnight, morning people think it is noon; also Three’s Company |
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Term
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Definition
| Differences in ideas, definition, perception, and goals |
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Term
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Definition
| personal differences; attacking personally; Example: Rush Limbaugh calling Fluke a “slut” |
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Term
| Competition style of conflict |
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Definition
| High concern for self, low concern for others |
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Term
| Collaboration style of conflict |
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Definition
| High concern for self, high concern for others |
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Term
| Compromise style of conflict |
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Definition
| Moderate concern for self, moderate concern for others |
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Term
| Avoiding style of conflict |
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Definition
| Low concern for self, low concern for others |
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Term
| Accomodating style of conflict |
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Definition
| Low concern for self, high concern for others |
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Term
| Managing conflict by accomodating |
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Definition
| little stake in the issue; you’re just hungry, you don’t care where you eat – whatever group wants |
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Term
| Managing conflict by competing |
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Definition
| If you expertise in the area; example - lawyer |
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Term
| Managing conflict by collaborating |
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Definition
| Several areas of expertise |
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Term
| Managing conflict by compromising |
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Definition
| Both parties give up something; helps move on |
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Term
| Managing conflict by avoiding |
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Definition
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Term
| Competent conflict communication |
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Definition
| Awareness of perception of behavior – Be aware of how other people view your behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| Deliberate, planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain mutual understanding between organization and public. |
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Term
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Definition
1.Research – what is the problem?
2.Action and Planning – What is going to be done about it?
3.Communication – How will the public be told?
4.Evaluation – Was the audience reached and what was the effect? Measure that with sales |
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Term
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Definition
| uncontrolled method of placing messages |
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Term
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Definition
| Controlled method of placing messages |
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Term
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Definition
PR - Relationships and goals with many in the public
Marketing - quid pro quo transactions
* Meeting customer demands
* $$$ |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Little bits of info given to us over time |
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Term
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Definition
| a lot of info (people or event) in one time period; ex. Flight accident |
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Term
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Definition
personal connection with characters/media personalities
* Becomes more accessible through reality TV |
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Term
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Definition
•Illiterates: 60%
•Pragmatists: 30% reading, watch tv off internet – combine a lot of services
•Intellectuals: 10%trash tv |
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Term
| Aggressive Simulation Theory |
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Definition
•Media depicted violence
•Increases emotional arousal
•2010 National cable tv
•Association findings: 92% + 75%
•Ex: Admirals fighting if not fighting people are not as entertaining |
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Term
| Symbolic Catharsis Hypothesis |
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Definition
• Viewing audience is cleansing and people don’t have to go out and be violent
* says that since you’ve viewed violence, you have done it vicariously and no longer need to go out and be violent |
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Term
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Definition
| • Modeling – Kids watched adults beating up a doll; then, went in and did the same thing. |
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Term
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Definition
1.Media influence opinion leaders
2.Opinion leaders influence others
When something was worn in Sex and the City, everyone wanted to wear it. |
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Term
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Definition
1. “Media have limited impact on audiences because people know it isn’t real”
• News – represents reality; also buying for ratings just like anything else on TV
• Early window – speaks to immature minds; children are the best example; speaks to how consumers don’t always know the difference between fact and fiction
• Suspension of disbelief – where you say I will willingly suspend any critical thinking of the logistics of what I’m about to see; effect is not thinking twice about what is given or reported
2.“Media content has limited impact because it is only play or entertainment.”
•Early window
•Play is developmental
3.“Media only affect unimportant areas such as fads and fashion.”
• Beauty industry=billions of dollars in advertising=perception of reality=self-concept = success, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
•Awareness of your media use and exposure
Critically evaluate messages
•Awareness of media effects
3rd. person effect “media messages affect others NOT me”
•Consider source of the message
Goals? |
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Term
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Definition
| We are in control of how we are in our first impression. –Examples: What we wear, say, the way you carry yourself, how we prepare for first impressions. ->We are not always in control of our first impressions, stereotyping, disabilities, single parent-hood, age, race, gender, |
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Term
| Principle of Rapid Impression Formation |
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Definition
| Quick impressions on little information, in 30 seconds when we meet someone we have already have a personality in mind and create an impression of that person. |
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Term
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Definition
| dominate attribute of person: sex, race, age, weight, and will vary from context to context |
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Term
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Definition
| Social worth=label examples: racial profiling |
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Term
| Obstacles of Impression Management |
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Definition
-Number of people who are involved: two vs. more
-Environment:
Familiar vs. Unfamiliar- familiar: confidence is a lot better if we know what we are going to get into. Unfamiliar: not knowing what we are getting into
Comfortable vs. Uncomfortable |
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Term
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Definition
| perception of how you are viewed and behaving.* can be your reputation 30 seconds of viewing someone you perceived their reputations |
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Term
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Definition
| what you are perceived of beforehand, but when meeting the person in person they can be viewed differently. Are you accounting for pros and cons? |
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Term
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Definition
| what impression do you leave us with at the end? Being mindful of what we share with others. |
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Term
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Definition
-Observe
-Research
-Compare
-Consider the context
-Role Take
Research Situation: |
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Term
| Communication Apprehension |
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Definition
| A detrimental level of anxiety associated with real or anticipated communication encounters. |
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Term
| Systematic desensitization |
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Definition
| focuses on reducing the tension that surrounds the feared event by relaxing and thereby reducing the physiological features of anxiety, such as shallow breathing and increased heart rate. |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of revising how people think about speaking situations. |
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Term
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Definition
| Aims to reduce speaking anxiety by guiding apprehensive speakers through imagined positive speaking experiences. |
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Term
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Definition
| Assumes that lack of speaking skills causes us to be apprehensive. Focuses on teaching people such skills as starting conversations, organizing ideas, and responding effectively to others |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
*leaves a paper trail
*But requires time and effort to prepare. Some have difficulty finding the right words. Can be ignored. |
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Term
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Definition
| Engaging in multiple tasks simultaneously or in rapid sequence in overlapping and interactive ways |
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Term
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Definition
Screen messages, stories, and perspectives to create messages that shape our perceptions of events and people.
Mass communication has many. |
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Term
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Definition
| Television cultivates, or promotes, a worldview that is inaccurate but that viewers nonetheless may assume reflects real life. |
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Term
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Definition
| focus on connections between mass communication popular culture, including history, politics, and economics. |
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Term
| Being a responsible media consumer |
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Definition
1. Develop media literacy
2. Respond actively |
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Term
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Definition
| The overall feeling, or emotional mood, between people |
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Term
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Definition
| All media that address mass audiences |
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Term
| Uses and gratification theory |
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Definition
| The theory that people use media to gratify their needs, interests, and desires |
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