Term
| What are the three parts to a Soil Survey Report? |
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Definition
1) Soil Map
2) Aerial Photograph
3) Written Description |
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Term
| This is a computer information system that captures, stores, analyzes, manages and presents data that is linked to a specific location. |
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Definition
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Term
| This is a group of soils found together in a geographical area. |
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Definition
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Term
| This is a mapping unit used in detailed soil surveys where two or more taxonomic units are so intermixed that it is impractical to separate them. |
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Definition
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Term
| This is a USDA classification of land that is helpful in identifying land use and management practices to prevent soil loss due to erosion. |
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Definition
| Land Capability Classification System |
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Term
| How many land capability classes are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which would be more productive Class 3 or Class 6 of soil land capability? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which classes can be used for row crop production? |
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Definition
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Term
| Land Capability classes are used for what 3 things? |
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Definition
1) Used as a starting point for developing farm plans
2) Used to identify and develop erosion control practices for high erodible land (HEL)
3) Used by county assessors to establish agriculture and values for taxation. |
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Term
| What are the two major sources that hold water in? |
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Definition
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Term
| (Adhesion/Cohesion) attracts unlike particles. |
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Definition
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Term
| (Adhesion/Cohesion) attracts like particles. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 major water potential forces? |
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Definition
1) gravitational +
2) hydrostatic +
3) matric -
4) osmotic - |
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Term
This term means the weight of water.
A) Colluvial
B) Hydrostatic +
C)Bulk Density
D) Buffering
E) Flaculating Agent |
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Definition
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Term
| This term means attraction of water for soil solids |
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Definition
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Term
| This term means attraction of water for salts. |
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Definition
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Term
| These two soil water potential forces are green. |
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Definition
1) gravitational +
2) hydrostatic + |
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Term
| These two soil water potential forces are red. |
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Definition
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Term
| This is what has to be overcome to move water. |
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Definition
| Soil Moisture Tension (SMT) |
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Term
| ______ or _______ ='s negative potential. |
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Definition
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Term
| This is the measure of how tightly water is held. |
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Definition
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Term
| 1 bar ='s __________ cm length of water column. |
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Definition
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Term
| In order for plants to stay alive the bars need to stay between what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the measurement of bars for saturation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the measurement of bars for permanent wilting point (PWP)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the measurement of bars for field capacity (FC)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the measurement of bars for hygroscopic coefficient (HC)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the measurement of bars for oven dry (OD)? |
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Definition
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Term
This is where plants can obtain water the easiest.
A) Saturation
B) Field Capacity
C) Permanent Wilting Point
D) Hygroscopic Coefficient
E) Oven Dry |
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Definition
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Term
This is when the soil is almost dry.
A) Saturation
B) Field Capacity
C) Permanent Wilting Point
D) Hygroscopic Coefficient
E) Oven Dry |
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Definition
| D) Hygroscopic Coefficient |
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Term
This is where plants can't obtain water.
A) Saturation
B) Field Capacity
C) Permanent Wilting Point
D) Hygroscopic Coefficient
E) Oven Dry |
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Definition
| C) Permanent Wilting Point |
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Term
| What are the two types of water movement in soils? |
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Definition
1) Saturated Flow (gravitational)
2) Unsaturated Flow (capillary) |
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Term
| How many feet in an acre? |
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Definition
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Term
This lab instrument is the standard by what all other measurements are compared; oven dry weight.
A) Gravimetric
B) Tensiometer
C) Resistance Blocks
D) Neutron Scattering
E) Tension Plate
F) Pressure Plate |
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Definition
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Term
This field instrument measures soil moisture tensions. Lots of maintenance. Costs around 40 dollars.
A) Gravimetric
B) Tensiometer
C) Resistance Blocks
D) Neutron Scattering
E) Tension Plate
F) Pressure Plate |
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Definition
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Term
This field instrument uses 0-15 bars for accuracy. Low maintenance and it is basically a reverse scale ohm meter. Costs around 5 dollars.
A) Gravimetric
B) Tensiometer
C) Resistance Blocks
D) Neutron Scattering
E) Tension Plate
F) Pressure Plate |
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Definition
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Term
This field instrument is fast, easy and accurate. The issue is that it costs around 10,000 dollars and it has to be calibrated for every soil.
A) Gravimetric
B) Tensiometer
C) Resistance Blocks
D) Neutron Scattering
E) Tension Plate
F) Pressure Plate |
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Definition
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Term
These two lab instruments are used for calibration.
A) Gravimetric
B) Tensiometer
C) Resistance Blocks
D) Neutron Scattering
E) Tension Plate
F) Pressure Plate |
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Definition
E) Tension Plate
F) Pressure Plate |
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Term
| Name the two water vapor movements. |
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Definition
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Term
| (Internal/External) is water vapor movement between soil spores. |
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Definition
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Term
| (Internal/External) is water vapor surface evaporation. |
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Definition
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Term
| As long as we have greater than ____________ bars tension we have 100% humidity. |
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Definition
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Term
| What two things effect vapor pressure gradient? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two ways to lose water through liquid loss? |
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Definition
1) Surface runoff
2) Percolation |
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Term
| (Surface Runoff/Percolation) is the loss of water and plant nutrients. |
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Definition
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Term
| (Surface Runoff/Percolation) is the loss of water and soil. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two ways to lose water through vapor loss? |
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Definition
1) Evaporation
2) Transpiration |
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Term
| This is the best measurement we got on how much water a plant needs. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Surface soil loss from runoff is hard to measure. |
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Definition
| False, you just collect the samples with a container at the bottom of the hill. |
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Term
| What instrument is used to study percolation losses? |
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Definition
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Term
| Nutrient losses from soils depends on what 4 things? |
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Definition
1) Texture of soil
2) Type and percentage of clay and percentage of organic matter
3) Amount of nutrients in solution governed by how you apply fertilizers. The more fertilizer you add the more leaching will occur.
4) Bulk Density |
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Term
| What are two ways we can control water and plant nutrient losses? |
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Definition
1) Keep a crop growing on the soil
2) Adjust fertilizer application rates. |
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Term
| How long does nitrogen application lasts? |
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Definition
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Term
This is the loss of water vapor from the soil or leaf surface.
A) Evaporation
B) Transpiration |
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Definition
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Term
This is the loss of water vapor through leaf stomata.
A) Evaporation
B) Transpiration |
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Definition
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Term
| Name three ways we can reduce evaporation losses. |
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Definition
1) Maintain plant residues on soil surface
2) Alter plant planting schemes
3) Use mulches |
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Term
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Definition
1) Plant residues (leaves, straw, etc); decomposes and keeps moisture in soil
2) Paper, cardboard, bark ,sawdust; organic materials
3) Plastics, gravel; inorganic materials
4) Dust mulch and soil crust |
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Term
| What is the measurement of bulk density? |
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Definition
| 1.6 grams per cm cubed or greater; water won't move through this-this compaction is due to heavy equipment, livestock and humans. |
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Term
| Name 3 ways to reduce transpiration losses. |
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Definition
1) Proper plant selection
2) Adjust planting schemes; change direction of rows
3) Proper timing of irrigations |
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Term
| What equation is used to measure Water-Use Efficiency? |
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Definition
| WUE= dry-matter produced;plants dried in oven/H2O used (ET); evapo-transpiration |
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Term
| What are the 5 irrigation methods? |
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Definition
1) Flood
2) Farrow
3) Overhead
4) Drip
5) Berms |
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Term
| What is the downfalls of using flooding for an irrigation method? |
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Definition
| It uses a lot of water and it has to have a barrier |
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Term
| What type of irrigation method is popular with row cropping? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is farrow irrigation? |
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Definition
| moves slowly by gravitational flow on a slight decline |
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Term
| Why is it best to use the "overheads"; sprinklers way early in the morning? |
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Definition
| this way the water on the above ground plant dries off quicker to keep from fungal diseases to accumulate on the plant. |
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Term
| Which irrigation method is the most efficient? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is used for a surface drainage system? |
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Definition
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Term
| The size and shape of your ditch/trench depends on what? |
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Definition
| soil conditions (texture, structure, bulk density) and the size of area to be drained |
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Term
| A subsurface drainage system is often referred to as what? |
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Definition
| tile or underground drainage systems. |
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Term
| What have the old "tiles" in the subsurface drainage systems been replaced with? |
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Definition
| flexible, perforated polyethylene tubing. These newer materials allow more shallow installation and they are generally easier to install. |
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Term
| T/F Most soils in Missouri would benefit from a subsurface drainage system? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 5 benefits of land drainage. |
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Definition
1) Improves granulation (aggregation) of soil
2) Provides a deeper rooting zone for plants
3) Improves aeratin=increase supply of H2O
4) Extends growing season for crops; soil warms up faster for earlier planting--soil stays dried for later harvesting
5) Reduces heaving of soil from alternate freezing/thawing.
5) |
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Term
Field Capacity:
A) water-water attraction
B) 15 bars SMT
C) Water Vapor Losses
D) 100% minus % soil solids
E) Polar Molecule
F) SMT measuring instrument
G) 1/3 bar SMT
H) Hydraulic Conductivity
I) Soil-Water Attraction
J) FC-PWP
K) Soil Weight/Soil Volume
L) Water movement in micropores
M) Water-Salt Attraction
N) Gravitatioal Water Losses
O) Fishbone
P) 31 bars SMT |
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Definition
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Term
Soil Bulk Density:
A) water-water attraction
B) 15 bars SMT
C) Water Vapor Losses
D) 100% minus % soil solids
E) Polar Molecule
F) SMT measuring instrument
G) 1/3 bar SMT
H) Hydraulic Conductivity
I) Soil-Water Attraction
J) FC-PWP
K) Soil Weight/Soil Volume
L) Water movement in micropores
M) Water-Salt Attraction
N) Gravitatioal Water Losses
O) Fishbone
P) 31 bars SMT |
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Definition
| K) soil weight/soil volume |
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Term
Osmotic Potential:
A) water-water attraction
B) 15 bars SMT
C) Water Vapor Losses
D) 100% minus % soil solids
E) Polar Molecule
F) SMT measuring instrument
G) 1/3 bar SMT
H) Hydraulic Conductivity
I) Soil-Water Attraction
J) FC-PWP
K) Soil Weight/Soil Volume
L) Water movement in micropores
M) Water-Salt Attraction
N) Gravitatioal Water Losses
O) Fishbone
P) 31 bars SMT |
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Definition
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Term
v = "k" f:
A) water-water attraction
B) 15 bars SMT
C) Water Vapor Losses
D) 100% minus % soil solids
E) Polar Molecule
F) SMT measuring instrument
G) 1/3 bar SMT
H) Hydraulic Conductivity
I) Soil-Water Attraction
J) FC-PWP
K) Soil Weight/Soil Volume
L) Water movement in micropores
M) Water-Salt Attraction
N) Gravitatioal Water Losses
O) Fishbone
P) 31 bars SMT |
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Definition
| H) Hydraulic Conductivity |
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Term
Adhesion:
A) water-water attraction
B) 15 bars SMT
C) Water Vapor Losses
D) 100% minus % soil solids
E) Polar Molecule
F) SMT measuring instrument
G) 1/3 bar SMT
H) Hydraulic Conductivity
I) Soil-Water Attraction
J) FC-PWP
K) Soil Weight/Soil Volume
L) Water movement in micropores
M) Water-Salt Attraction
N) Gravitatioal Water Losses
O) Fishbone
P) 31 bars SMT |
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Definition
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Term
Available Water:
A) water-water attraction
B) 15 bars SMT
C) Water Vapor Losses
D) 100% minus % soil solids
E) Polar Molecule
F) SMT measuring instrument
G) 1/3 bar SMT
H) Hydraulic Conductivity
I) Soil-Water Attraction
J) FC-PWP
K) Soil Weight/Soil Volume
L) Water movement in micropores
M) Water-Salt Attraction
N) Gravitatioal Water Losses
O) Fishbone
P) 31 bars SMT |
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Definition
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Term
Hygroscopic Coefficient:
A) water-water attraction
B) 15 bars SMT
C) Water Vapor Losses
D) 100% minus % soil solids
E) Polar Molecule
F) SMT measuring instrument
G) 1/3 bar SMT
H) Hydraulic Conductivity
I) Soil-Water Attraction
J) FC-PWP
K) Soil Weight/Soil Volume
L) Water movement in micropores
M) Water-Salt Attraction
N) Gravitatioal Water Losses
O) Fishbone
P) 31 bars SMT |
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Definition
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Term
Permanent Wilting Point (PWP):
A) water-water attraction
B) 15 bars SMT
C) Water Vapor Losses
D) 100% minus % soil solids
E) Polar Molecule
F) SMT measuring instrument
G) 1/3 bar SMT
H) Hydraulic Conductivity
I) Soil-Water Attraction
J) FC-PWP
K) Soil Weight/Soil Volume
L) Water movement in micropores
M) Water-Salt Attraction
N) Gravitatioal Water Losses
O) Fishbone
P) 31 bars SMT |
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Definition
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Term
Tensiometer:
A) water-water attraction
B) 15 bars SMT
C) Water Vapor Losses
D) 100% minus % soil solids
E) Polar Molecule
F) SMT measuring instrument
G) 1/3 bar SMT
H) Hydraulic Conductivity
I) Soil-Water Attraction
J) FC-PWP
K) Soil Weight/Soil Volume
L) Water movement in micropores
M) Water-Salt Attraction
N) Gravitatioal Water Losses
O) Fishbone
P) 31 bars SMT |
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Definition
| F) SMT measuring instrument |
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Term
Capillary Water Flow:
A) water-water attraction
B) 15 bars SMT
C) Water Vapor Losses
D) 100% minus % soil solids
E) Polar Molecule
F) SMT measuring instrument
G) 1/3 bar SMT
H) Hydraulic Conductivity
I) Soil-Water Attraction
J) FC-PWP
K) Soil Weight/Soil Volume
L) Water movement in micropores
M) Water-Salt Attraction
N) Gravitatioal Water Losses
O) Fishbone
P) 31 bars SMT |
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Definition
| L) Water movement in micropores |
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Term
| In the revised universal soil loss equation what does "A" stand for? |
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Definition
| Predicted soil loss (tons/acres) |
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Term
| In the revised universal soil loss equation what does "R" stand for? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the revised universal soil loss equation what does "K"" stand for? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the revised universal soil loss equation what does "LS" stand for? |
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Definition
| topographic factors (slope factor) |
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Term
| In the revised universal soil loss equation what does "C"" stand for? |
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Definition
| crop management practices |
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Term
| In the revised universal soil loss equation what does "P" stand for? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which values are the most economical means in controlling soil erosion? |
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Definition
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Term
| In water erosion what 3 things cause detached soils? |
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Definition
1) Freezing/thawing
2) Flowing Water
3) Rain Impact |
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Term
| In water erosion what 2 things cause transportation soils? |
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Definition
| 1) Raindrop splash 2) Flowing Water |
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Term
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Definition
| large particles stay on soil surface and tumble down slope |
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Term
| What is Saltation (vaultation)? |
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Definition
| movements down slope through hops and skips (medium size particles) |
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Term
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Definition
| smaller silts, fine sands and clays. Muddies our rivers and streams (smaller particles) |
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Term
| Name 3 types of water erosion. |
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Definition
1) Sheet erosion
2) Rill erosion
3) Gully erosion |
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Term
This erosion moves a ton of soil;uniform movement of soil from surface, so hard to notice until a few years down the road.
A) Sheet
B) Rill
C) Gully |
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Definition
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Term
This erosion creates small channels that begin to develop at the bottom of slopes. If not taken care of it can cause major ravines and trenches.
A) Sheet
B) Rill
C) Gully |
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Definition
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Term
This is the type of water erosion that we normally see.
A) Sheet
B) Rill
C) Gully |
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Definition
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Term
The most rapid movement of water via capillary movement from soil A to soil B occurs when soil moisture contents are:
A) Soil A=10%; Soil B=35%
B) Soil A=40%; Soil B=30%
C) Soil A=15%; Soil B=50%
D) Soil A=45%; Soil B=25%
E) Soil A=35%; Soil B=20% |
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Definition
| D) Soil A=45%; Soil B=25% |
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Term
Calculate water-use efficiency for the allowing crop:
Dry-matter produced=8960 pounds
Water lost via transpiration=29.8"
Water lost via evaporation=26.1"
% water when harvested=87%
A) 8960
B) 160
C) 343
D) 306
E) 62 |
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Definition
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Term
For water to enter a rotted root channel that is completely covered by a silt loam top soil, water movement must occur by:
A) Vapor (gaseous) movement
B) Osmotic movement
C) Unsaturated (gravitational) flow
D) Saturated (Capillary) flow
E) Water will never enter the root channel |
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Definition
| D) Saturated (Capillary) flow |
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