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| Buddha was conceived during a dream, when a white elephant entered the body of the sleeping Queen Maya. |
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| Siddhartha rides out of the palace and encounters an old man, a sick man, a dead man, and an ascetic |
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| Siddhartha decides to leave the palace and wander as an ascetic |
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| Tries to gain spiritual and mental powers by overcolmes limits of human endurance |
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| Assault of Mara/ Enlightenment/ Calling the Earth to Witness |
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| Siddhartha sits under fig tree (later called Bodhi tree or tree of Enlightenment) and vows not to rise until he has achieved Enlightenment or Nirvana; he is tempted by Mara, the God of Desire (or Evil) |
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| The Buddha performed many miracles. This one involved making fire come from the top of his body, and water flow from the bottom |
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1. Life is suffering
2. Suffering is caused by attachment
3. The cure for suffering is to rid yourself of attachment
4. To rid yourself of attachment follow the Noble Eightfold Path. |
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| Right views, right aspirations, right speech, right conduct, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, right contemplation |
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| Buddha's teachings, means "law" |
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| All beings die or are reborn in an endless cycle, it is a crushing burden. |
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| Determines how you are reborn by balancing positive and negative in your life. The goal is to eliminate karma by not engaging with the world. |
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| Ultimate goal of buddhism, to dissolve ino a sort of nothing, no more suffering, into a more expansive viewpoint. |
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| The Buddha, the Dharma (law), and the Sangha (monks) |
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| Gateways oriented to the four cardinal directions |
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| Ritual procession around monument as a form of worship. |
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| East Torana, Great Stupa of Sanchi |
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| desire to cram every inch with figures or decoration |
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| People/ Animals Worshipping Bodhi Tree, Great Stupa at Sanchi |
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| Buddha not represented in human form, but in symbols. |
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| Chaitya Hall, Karle (often called Buddhist cathedrals) |
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Standing Buddha
2nd-3rd CE Kushan period
Gandhara
-influenced by Greek Alexander the Great b/c military was nearby, cultural diffusion |
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| Seated Buddha 2nd c. CE Kushan period Mathura |
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| Teaching Buddha from Sarnath 5th c. C.E Gupta Period |
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-ushinisha: cranial bump that looks like a bun
-urna: third eye or tuft of hair between eyes
-snail shell curls
-long earlobes from royal jewelry
-ritual hand gesture |
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Standing Buddha
c. 5th C Bamiyan, Afghanistan
175 feet tall
-destroyed by Taliban in 2001 |
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Parinirvana of the Buddha
11th-12th c. Sri Lanka
80 feet long |
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-Gods are form of ultimate God essence that appears in various ways according to the needs of the devotee.
-3 Major Gods: Vishnu, Shiva, The Goddess |
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-Dreamt the world into existence
-Manifests during crises, 10 avatars. This world's is a Boar who saves the Earth from a flood.
-9th Avatar is Buddha. |
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-Lingam (big penis thingys representing cosmic creative forces)
-half man, half woman
-destroys |
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-In the Simpsons
-Removes obstacles
-baby with elephant head |
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| Shakti/Devi (Goddess or Female Principle) |
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-Present in various forms as a support to the maleish gods.
-Kali, destructive force |
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| Vishnu Temple 530 CE Gupta Period |
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| superstructure over the garbha griha of temple |
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| "womb chamber", holiest place in the temple. |
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Descent of the Ganges relief m. 7th c Granite
-represents the political in art, the Ganges of the south rather than the real ganges in the north? |
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Dancing Shiva (Shiva Nataraja)
12th c. Chola Dynasty
-Ring of fire is the destruction of illusion and thus freedom
-drum beats out rhythms of creation and destruction. |
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Kandariya Mahadeva Temple (Shiva Temple)
c. 1000 CE
-Its got porn all over it. |
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Replica of Tomb of Fu Hao
1200 BCE Shang Dynasty
-Fu Hao was a consort of one of Shang rulers; this is one of the only undisturbed tombs yet found. It contained 400 bronzes, including 200 vessels, 600 carvings in jade, stone and bone, and 7000 cowrie shells, which were used as money at the time. There were also 6 sacrificed dogs and 16 sacrificed human beings |
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| zoomorphic designs on Shang dynasty bronzes, highly stylized animals morphing into each other |
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| Ritual Bronze Vessel from Tomb of Fu Hao Shang Dynasty c. 1200 BCE |
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-More like code of ethics.
-dominated by hierarchy and acting to your place
-filial piety among greater virtues
-advocated govt on meritocracy |
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Set of Ceremonial Bells, found in tomb of Marquis Yi
Zhou Dynasty c. 425 BCE |
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Late Zhou Bi Disc (1045-256 BCE)
-symbolized heaven, placed on top of a body. |
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-Great Wall of China
-Tomb of the Qin Emperor/ Terracotta Army |
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Seated Shakyamuni
Age of Disunion (338 CE)
-earliest dated Buddhist figure in China. |
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Yungang Cave Temples
constructed by Northern Wei dynasty (386-535)
-53 caves and over 50,000 Buddhist images
-Northern Wei non-Chinese dynasty, patronized Buddhism for its universiality. |
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Cave Temples at Yungang, China,
Northern Wei Dynasty (late 5th c.), Archaic Phase
[Phase 1, Archaic, Indianizing] |
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Two Seated Buddhas
Northern Wei Dynasty (dated to 518)
-Elongated phase, sinified/ sinicized (Chinese-y) |
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Seated Buddha, Longmen Cave Temples,
Tang Dynasty (c. 700)
-patronized by Emperor/Empress Wu Zetian, face resembles hers. |
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Guardian Figures, Longmen Caves,
Tang Dynasty (c. 700) |
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Wild Goose Pagoda Tang dynasty
-built for pilgrim monk who brought Buddhist holy writings, once part of a larger monastery that no longer survives. |
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| flattened out columns stuck to the side for decoration |
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Western Paradise of Amitabha Buddha, Cave Temple,
Dunhuang Tang Dynasty (c. 800)
-500 yrs after Buddha's death, belief arised that he was a god who reincarnated at certain times to spread the Buddhist message, in different earhly quadrants.
-persecutions of Buddihts in China led to caves like these remaining untouched. |
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-based on worship of nature
-no hierarchy of gods, no organization, no theology. All appreciation for nature and gods
-main aspect is ritual purity |
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| rope marking off sacred shinto site |
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Ise Shrine Complex, dedicated to the Sun Goddess, Amaterasu (7th c. CE)
-based on ancient granary prototype; personal shrine of the Imperial family; rebuilt every 20 years |
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System of brackets at Hōryūjikondo (image hall),
Asuka period (7th c)
key term: hipped and gabled roof |
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Hōryūji Pagoda
Asuka Period (7th c.) |
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Shaka (Shakyamuni) Triad
Hōryūjikondo
(dated 623), Asuka Period
-made by Tori Busshi |
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| Hōryūji Complex Tamamushi Shrine, Asuka Period c. 640 |
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Hungry Tigress Jataka, Tamamushi Shrine, Hōryūji complex
lacquer painting,
Asuka period (c. 640) |
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Mural of Buddha with Attendants, Hōryūji kondo,
(e. 8th c.)
-Thought to represent the western paradise of the amida buddha |
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Bodhisattva, Mural of Buddha with Attendants, Hōryūji kondo
(e. 8th c.)
-Bodhisattva: able to become buddhas, but chose to stay and help others achieve enlightenment. |
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Great Buddha Hall, Todaiji
(c. 750), Nara Period
-represents the absorption of more chinese culture. |
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Great Buddha at Todaiji, Nara Period,
(c. 748)
-burned, recast twice. |
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Buddha from Lotus Pedestal of Great Buddha, Nara period
(c. 748)
-only Buddha not recast, original. |
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Hachiman Shrine, Todaiji c.750,
Nara period
-by the Nara period, Shinto deities were conceived as protectors of Buddhism |
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