Term
| It was not only at the ________ ______ that the church seemed to be in need of reformation. Some among the more thought Christians were becoming convinced that the ________ of the church had also gone astray |
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Definition
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Term
| 1492,it was decreed that all jews must either __________ baptism or _______ all territories under Isabella and Ferdinand |
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Definition
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Term
| By the end of the 15th century an ideology of _________ had develop; it helds that individuals could determine their social position and status by ______ ____ _______ |
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Definition
Transition
their own effort |
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Term
| The humans reformers beliebe that the furtherance of ___________ and __________ would produce the much needed reformation of the church |
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Definition
| Scholarship and education |
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Term
The prince of Humanists, was ________
best known for the |
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Definition
Erasmus of Rotterdam
handbook of the Christian soldier |
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Term
| Erasmus believe that monastic withdraws from the common life of the world; the true soldier of Christ trains for ________ and ________ ______ in the midst of human affairs. |
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Definition
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Term
| Erasmus came to describe Christianity as above all a __________, ________ and ________ ____ |
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Definition
| decent, moderate and balanced life |
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Term
| Erasmus insisted that ____________ was more important than orthodoxy. he believe that the true Christian life is one of _____________ |
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Definition
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Term
| The reformation is generally taken to mean the series of _______ in different parts of Europe that led to the _________ of universal church |
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Definition
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Term
| nothing mattered to Luther as much as his ______ and his ______ to God. |
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Definition
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Term
| Luther was the first to make full use of the valued of ____________ |
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Definition
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Term
| toward the end of the Middle Ages there was a great upsurge in _______ ____ which offered an alternative path through which to approach God. This pat the mystics affirmed that all one had to do was to ______ _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Luther came to the conclusions that its the righteousness of God,is that which is given to those who life ___ _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Luther's ninety five theses attacked the _____ __ _______ and its ___________ presuppositions |
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Definition
Sale of indulgence
theological |
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Term
| luther felt compelled to declare that the council of Constance had erred in condemming Huss, and that a Christian with the support of _________ has more _________ than alll popes and councils agaisnt that support |
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Definition
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Term
| Argula Von Grumbach, a bavarian noble woman who had been converted to Luther's views, and the first women to _____ ________ ______ |
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Definition
| publish protestant treatises |
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Term
| By burning the papal bull, luther had challanged the pope's __________. at Wornms, by refusing to recant, he challanged that of the ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| During Luther exile his most significant work of this period was the ____________ ________ __ ___ _____ |
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Definition
| German translation of the bible |
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Term
| Muntzer claimed that what was most important was not the written word of Scripture but hte present revelation of the _________ |
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Definition
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Term
| The controversy over _________ and ____ _____ marked the end of all hope for close collaboration between __________ and _____________. |
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Definition
predestination and free will
Lutherans and humanists |
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Term
| Protestants and catholics agreed to the PEace of Nurember, signed in 1532. protestantswould be allowed to _______ ____ ____ but could not seek to _______ ___ to other territories. |
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Definition
practice their faith
extend it |
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Term
| Luther understood the WOrd of God to be more than the words written in the _______. In its primary sense, the word of God is none other than _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Final authority rests neither in the _______ nor in the ________, but in the ________, in the message of ______ ______. The bible has authority over ______, ________ and _______ |
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Definition
church
bible
gospel
jesus christ
church, pope and tradition. |
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Term
| It is in the divine revelation that God is truly known. But in that revelation God is made manifest in 2 ways, _______ and _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| The doctrine of justification by faith, the message of God's forgiveness, doesnt imply that God is ________ to sin |
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Definition
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Term
| Luther believed that all occupations as long as they are honest and Godly are ______ ______. This is known as the _______ of all believers. |
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Definition
equally valuable
priestood |
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Term
| For a rite to be a true sacrament, it must have been instituted __ _______, and it must be a physical sign of the promise of the ______. Applying such criteria, Luther comes to the conclusion that there are only _____ _______: __________and ________. |
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Definition
By christ
Gospel
two sacraments
baptism and communion |
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Term
| According to Luther, God has estalished ___ ______: one under the _____ and teh other under the _______. The state must operate under the law, and its main purpose is to set limits to ______ __ and its __________ |
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Definition
Two kingdoms
law
gospel
human sin
consequences |
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Term
| _____________ and _________ both contributing factors to the Lutheran reformation even against Luther's intentions, became conscious elements of the reformation Zwingli led in Switzerland. |
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Definition
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Term
| Zwingli reformation was not a direct result of Luther's; rather it was a _______ _______ that soon established links with its counterpart in Germany. |
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Definition
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Term
| Zwingli's main goal was to restore biblical _______ and ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Zwingli had a more positive view of the power of _______ than luther did |
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Definition
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Term
| In the case of communion, Zwingli held that the presence of CHrist in the elements is _________, and that the effectiveness of the sacrament is in the faith of those who partake of it. |
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Definition
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Term
| Differences between Luther and Zwingli would give rise to 2 Protestant traditions, ___ ________ and the _________. |
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Definition
| The Lutheran and the Reformed. |
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Term
| Zwingli velieve that secular rulers are _________ and ________ from the authority of any religion, concerning ______ matters |
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Definition
independent and free
civic |
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Term
| Anabaptist believe that infant baptism obscur the need for a _________ ______ that stands at the very heart of the Christian faith |
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Definition
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Term
| Most of these radical reformers also held that _______ is an essential element in Christianity. |
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Definition
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Term
| Anabaptists means ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| The anabaptist movement drew great opposition from ______ as well as from other _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Anabaptist were accused both of ________ and of _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ ______ was a duth catholic priest who joined a Dutch Anabaptist fellowship, and eventually his followers came to be called _________.He was convinced that pacifsm was an essential part of true Christianity,and therefore refused to have anything to do with the _________ _________. |
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Definition
Menno Simons
MEnnonites
revolutionary Anabaptists |
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Term
| Mennonites hada ganined an honored place in society through their _______ _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Without any doubt, the most important systematizer of PRotestant theology in the 16th century was _______ ______. He pay more attention to several aspects of Christian faith which Luther had virtually _______ in particular the doctrine of __________. |
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Definition
John Calvin
ignored
sanctification |
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Term
| Calvin felt called to spend his time in study and literary labors.His main project on this score was a short summary of the Christian faith from a protestant viewpoint that he called _________ __ ___ ________ ______ |
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Definition
| Institutes of the Christian Religion |
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Term
| Michael Servetus is a spanish physician stated the athe doctrine of the _______ had offended God. Calvin prepared a list of ______ _________ |
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Definition
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Term
| During Calvin's lifetime, the main issue dividing protestants- except for teh Anabaptists, whom other Protestans considered heretics- was the manner of the ________ of _______ |
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Definition
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Term
calvin believed that;
1. refuly know God only thru _______ as presented by scriptures.
2.For all eternity God predestined some ___ ___ ______ ___ _____ ____ ______.
3.every person is totally corrupted by reason of ______ _____. 4. the state of local government olbige to conduct itself in a court width ______ ____ proposed by church.
5. Reformation in England was an act of state, it was a __________ _______. |
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Definition
1. revelation
2. to ve saved and others to be dammed.
3. original sin
4. gospil norms.
5. parlamentary transaction. |
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Term
| in 1534 the English parlament declare the king the ______ ___ ____ ___ ___ ________. Parliament also declared that any who dared call the king a ______ __ __ ________ would be considered guilty of _______. |
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Definition
Supreme head of the Church of England
schismatic or a heretic
treason |
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Term
| sir Thomas Mores did not believe that a ________ such as the king could be the _______ __ __ ______ nor that any human beign had the ________ to change the laws of the church. |
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Definition
layman
head of the chuch
authority |
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Term
| The most important religious achievement of Somerset's regency was teh publication of the ____ __ _______ ______, whose main author was Cranmer and which , for the first time, gace the english people a ______ in their own language. |
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Definition
Book of Common Prayer
liturgy |
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Term
| Mary waas committed to the goal of restoring _______ _________ in england. she began a series of increseangly repressive measures against ________. whcih acquire the name by which she is known to this day _________ ______. |
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Definition
Roman catholicism
protestants
Bloody mary. |
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Term
| ______ _______ written in 1562 serve as ________ foundation for the Church of England. |
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Definition
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Term
| Toward the end of Elizabeth's reign, Puritans began to grow in number. they were called Puritans because, inspired by Calvinist ideas they insisted on the need to restore the ________ ______ and __________ ___ ___ ____ _____ |
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Definition
Pure practices
doctrines of the New testament |
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Term
| _________ _____ became the leader of Scottish protestantism. |
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Definition
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Term
| Knox and his followers from organizing the ________ ____ __ _______ |
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Definition
| reformed Church of Scotland |
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Term
| _________ the great queen of Castile, was a champion of ________ long before Luthers. |
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Definition
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Term
| Catholic reformation, which sought to purify the church through ________, _________ and ___________, but at the same time insisted on strict adherence to _______ ________. |
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Definition
austerity, devotion and scholarship
traditional dogma |
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Term
| Became cleaer that ___________ was necessary to refute Protestant teachings; and thus appeared a host of theologians and scholars who devoted their efforts to counter protestant arguments. ____________ was the main systematizer of ___________ _______ _______ against protestant claims. |
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Definition
scholarship
BEllarmine
Catholic theological arguments |
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Term
| St Theresa of Avila wrote ________ _________ |
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Definition
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Term
| St john of the cross wrote |
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Definition
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Term
| Stages of Christian classical mystical tradition |
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Definition
Purgative
dark night of the soul
illuminative
unitive |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| St ignitious devoted his life, no longer to the monastic quest for his own salvation, but now to the service of the ________ and _____ _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| The 19th ecumenical council of church meet at trent, italy in ___ ______ over a period of ____ ______. 1545-1563. THis council marked the beginning of the ________ _______ ______. |
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Definition
25 sessions
18 years
modern catholic church |
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Term
| St Jeurime latin translation of bible know as the vulgate was to be used as the ___________ version of the scriptures by roman catho. This version included ____ __ rejected by reformers |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ ______ and not the ________ ________ was the authoritative interpretor of scripture. |
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Definition
The church
individual believer |
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Term
| The basic truths of the christian faith were to be found both in the ______ and in the _________ of the church. As they were interpreted by the pope and bishop under the guidance of the _____ _______. |
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Definition
Bible
tradition
holy spirit |
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Term
| Justification by faith was not _________ for salvation. Faith must be a living reality which manifest itself in hope and love thru ______ _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| The mass would continue to be celebrated in _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Students for the priests were to be trained in _______ this revolution idea. |
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Definition
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Term
| The philosophy and theology of ___ _______ ______ werer embraised as a true and exemplary presentation of the catholic faith. |
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Definition
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Term
| The roman catholic church in the counter reformation "underwent a ________ revival and an ____________ renovation. |
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Definition
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Term
| In general, the polish government followed a policy of greater ________ ______ than most of europe |
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Definition
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Term
| the 16th century was a ______ period in teh entired history of christianity. During the 16th century when christians thought of teh world wide missions of the church, they thought almost exclusively in terms of the conversion of __________ |
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Definition
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Term
| The early 16th century also took for granted, as did the preceding Middle Ages, That the existence and survival of a state demanded ________ ______ among its subjects |
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Definition
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Term
| This view of national unity linked with religious uniformity was at the rooot of the many ________ ___ _______ that shook both the 16th and 17th centuries. |
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Definition
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Term
| Two cataclysmic events dominated teh history of Christianity in the 16th century: reformation and the ________ of vast new lands |
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Definition
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Term
| Pope Alexander VI, 1493 drew a line of demarcation from north to south it was understood that all newly explore land, west of teh land belong to _______ and all lands east belong to _________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Francis Xavier is known for his missionary work in ________ and ______ |
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Definition
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