Term
| What is unintentional tort? |
|
Definition
| Situation resulting in an injury although the person did not intend to cause harm |
|
|
Term
| A list of written statements describing ideal behavior for a group of individuals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What would unintentional medication elimination be considered? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The LPN gives medication to a pt that is considered a lethal dose. The pt dies due to medication given. Who is responsible and can be charged with negligence? |
|
Definition
| Both the nurse and the doctor |
|
|
Term
| Who is the nurse practice act intended to protect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What agency is responsible for the nurse practice act? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Client comes into the hospital after developing cramps, gas, and diarrhea – approximately 30 minutes after ingesting milk. What condition as a LPN would you suspect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some good sources of calcium? |
|
Definition
| Whole grains, dried beans and peas, canned sardines, whole grain |
|
|
Term
| The nurse tries to get her client to stay in the hospital, although he feels the care is inappropriate and he wants to leave AMA. The nurse tries stopping him using restraints. What legal charges could be put on this nurse for her action? |
|
Definition
| Battery and false imprisonment |
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|
Term
| A client comes into the hospital with a head injury after a motor vehicle accident. The surgeon determines that he needs life saving surgery. No family members are present. Would you have the pt operated on and assume consent is implied? (YES/NO) |
|
Definition
| Yes! The pt needs to undergo the immediate surgery to save his life |
|
|
Term
| The LPN wrote a paper on HIV and mentioned her clients name in the report, along with how the client had sex with a prostitute. What legal provisions apply to this nurse? |
|
Definition
| Libel and invasion of privacy |
|
|
Term
| If your competent pt wants to leave the hospital without medically being discharged what would you, as the nurse do? |
|
Definition
| Notify the physician and have the pt sign AMA form |
|
|
Term
| Why is it important to be aware of your pt’s culture? |
|
Definition
| Because the response to health and illness varies among different cultures |
|
|
Term
| Care that respects and is compatible with each client’s culture |
|
Definition
| Culturally sensitive nursing care |
|
|
Term
| How do you demonstrate cultural competence in nursing? |
|
Definition
| Be aware of your own culture and not let it have an undue influence on your pt, have specific knowledge about your pt’s culture, adapt your nursing care to pt’s culture, plan care within pt’s health belief system to achieve best health outcomes, respect alternative health beliefs or practices, and promote health teaching that will reduce prevalent diseases |
|
|
Term
| The shared values, beliefs, and practices of a particular group |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does culture incorporate? |
|
Definition
| Attitudes and customs learned through socialization with others |
|
|
Term
| What all is included in culture? |
|
Definition
| Language, communication style traditions, religion, art, music, dress, health beliefs and practices |
|
|
Term
| When is one taught culture? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What influences a person’s culture? |
|
Definition
| Environment, technology, and availability of resources |
|
|
Term
| Is culture dynamic and ever changing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Used when referring to collective people who differ from the dominant group in terms of cultural characteristics such as language and/or physical characteristics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an example of a minority? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A bond or kinship a person feels with his country of birth or place of ancestral origin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bewilderment over behavior that is culturally atypical |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fixed attitudes about all people who share a common characteristic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of stereotypes? |
|
Definition
| Dumb blondes; all old people are senile |
|
|
Term
| Preconceived ideas that are neither real nor accurate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some forms of negative stereotypical thinking’s concerning older adults? |
|
Definition
| Elderly are asexual, cognitively defective, physically incapacitated, and a burden to families and society |
|
|
Term
| Suppositions that a person shares cultural characteristics with others of a similar background |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are generalizing and stereotyping different from one another? |
|
Definition
| Generalizing suggests possible commonalities that may or may not be individually valid |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of generalizing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Belief that one’s own ethnicity is superior to all others |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does treating anyone “different” as deviant and undesirable manifest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 major subcultures in America? |
|
Definition
| African Americans 2. Latinos 3. Asian Americans 4. Native Americans |
|
|
Term
| Which group of people’s ancestral origin is Africa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which group of people trace their ethnic origin to Latin or South America? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What term can also refer to African Americans? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some other terms to describe Latino’s? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which group of people originated in China, Japan, Korea, Philippines, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which group of people is known as Indian nations found in North America and include Eskimos and Aleus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Providing nursing care within the context of another’s culture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who developed the practice of transcultural nursing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of nursing recognizes the value of incorporating cultural values, traditions, and practices into health care treatments? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What must nurses become skilled at in order to provide culturally sensitive care? |
|
Definition
| Managing language differences, understanding biologic and physical variations, promoting health reaching that will reduce prevalent diseases, respecting alternative health beliefs and/or practices |
|
|
Term
| What is one of the biggest deterrent to providing culturally sensitive care? |
|
Definition
| Language and communication |
|
|
Term
| In which culture are individuals private and possibly hesitant to share personal info with strangers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How might a Native American interpret questions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which culture might consider impatience to be disrespectful? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What ritual do Native Americans perform to cleanse negative energy during an illness? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why are African Americans somewhat mistrustful of the medical establishment? |
|
Definition
| Because of sometimes being treated as 2nd class citizens when seeking HC |
|
|
Term
| When treating an African American pt, how can the nurse demonstrate professionalism? |
|
Definition
| By addressing pt by their last name and introducing themselves, following up with pt requests, respect pt privacy |
|
|
Term
| Why might an African American pt be hesitant to give any more info that what was directly asked? |
|
Definition
| Because of feeling that they are a victim of discrimination |
|
|
Term
| When observing an African American infant during a home visit, the nurse observes a bluish area on the baby’s buttocks. What is the best action for the nurse to take? |
|
Definition
| Document the findings – it is normal assessment |
|
|
Term
| Which culture group is at high risk for developing sickle cell anemia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which culture group would be comfortable sitting close to interviewers and letting interactions unfold slowly? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Although Latinos speak English, what might they have difficulty saying correctly? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some general characteristics of Latino men? |
|
Definition
| Generally protective and authoritative regarding women and children, expect to be consulted in decisions concerning family members |
|
|
Term
| Which culture group tends to respond with brief or more factual answers and gives little elaboration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do Asian Americans value? |
|
Definition
| Simplicity, meditation, and introspection |
|
|
Term
| Due to their respect for harmony, which cultural group generally does not openly disagree with authority figures? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which 2 cultural groups might be offended by any lingering eye contact due to believing it is an invasion of their privacy? |
|
Definition
| Asian Americans or native Americans |
|
|
Term
| How is direct eye contact interpreted by the Arab culture? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At what distance do Asian Americans prefer the nurse to be from them? |
|
Definition
| More than an arm’s length away |
|
|
Term
| In which cultural group might a strong handshake be taken offensively? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why should you ask permission before touching the head of Southeast Asians? |
|
Definition
| They consider the head to be a sacred part of the body that only close relatives can touch |
|
|
Term
| Which culture believes that the area between a female’s waist and knees is particularly private and should only be touched by the woman’s husband? |
|
Definition
| Southeast Asian Americans |
|
|
Term
| Which 2 cultures freely express both positive and negative feelings? |
|
Definition
| Anglo-Americans and African Americans |
|
|
Term
| Which cultural group tends to control their emotions and expressions of physical discomfort? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why might Latino men not demonstrate their feelings or readily discuss symptoms? |
|
Definition
| They may interpret doing so as less manly |
|
|
Term
| Which culture considers punctuality to be very important? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type of perspective shared by those from developed countries who base their beliefs about health and disease on research findings |
|
Definition
| Biomedical/scientific perspective |
|
|
Term
| Type of perspective in which humans and nature must be in balance or harmony to remain healthy |
|
Definition
| Naturalistic/holistic perspective |
|
|
Term
| What do those who believe in the naturalistic/holistic perspective assume to be the reason why an illness occurs? |
|
Definition
| Result of an outcome of disharmony |
|
|
Term
| Type of perspective where a culture believes that supernatural forces contribute to disease or health |
|
Definition
| Magico-religious perspective |
|
|
Term
| What helps to achieve health care goals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the best technique for observing baseline skin color in a dark skinned person? |
|
Definition
| Use natural or bright artificial light |
|
|
Term
| What are the best structures to examine on a dark skinned person and why? |
|
Definition
| Palms of hands, feet, and abdomen because they contain the least pigmentation and are the least likely to be tanned |
|
|
Term
| What is considered a normal finding when bathing a dark skinned person and what is it a result of? |
|
Definition
| Brown discoloration may appear on the wash cloth due to normal shedding of dead skin |
|
|
Term
| What is a characteristic of anemia or inadequate O2? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are some common sites for assessing cyanosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Disease that affects whites as well as those with darker skin that produces irregular white patches on the skin as a result of absence of melanin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dark blue areas on the lower back of darkly pigmented infants and children |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At what age do Mongolian spots tend to fade? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are Mongolian spots often mistaken as? |
|
Definition
| Signs of physical abuse or injury |
|
|
Term
| What type of deficiency causes intolerance to dairy products? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some s/s individuals may experience if they are suffering from lactase deficiency? |
|
Definition
| Cramps, gas, and diarrhea |
|
|
Term
| How long after ingesting dairy products does a pt experience cramps, gas, and diarrhea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long can the symptoms of lactase deficiency last? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some sources of calcium that can be useful for a pt with lactase deficiency? |
|
Definition
| Green leafy vegetables, dates, prunes, canned sardines and salmon with bones, egg yolk, whole grains, dried peas and beans, calcium supplement |
|
|
Term
| In which cultural groups is it common for lactase deficiency to be present? |
|
Definition
| African Americans, Hispanics, and Chinese |
|
|
Term
| Which groups of people often lack the enzyme, G-6-PD? |
|
Definition
| African Americans and people from Mediterranean countries |
|
|
Term
| What are some things that culturally sensitive nurses must focus on? |
|
Definition
| Teaching, participating in community health screenings, and campaign for more equitable health services |
|
|
Term
| Health practices unique to a particular group of people and generally provided by lay people |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Latino practitioner who is thought to have spiritual and medicinal powers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Holy man with curative powers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Alternative medical therapy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some reasons that attract people to alternative medicine? |
|
Definition
| Expensive, dissatisfaction with prior treatment/progress, and intimidation |
|
|
Term
| Belief that ones own culture is superior |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Laws enacted by federal, state, or local legislatures also known as public acts, codes, or ordinances |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Legally defines the unique role of the nurse |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some common elements generally found in all nurse practice acts? |
|
Definition
| Define the scope of practice, establish limits to the practice, identifies titles that nurses may use, authorizes a board of nursing to oversee nursing practice, determine what constitutes grounds for disciplinary action |
|
|
Term
| Legal provisions through which federal, state, and local agencies maintain self-regulation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Refers to litigations that falls outside the realm of constitutional, statutory, and administrative laws |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Penal codes that protect all citizens from people who pose a threat to the public good and prosecute those who commit a crime |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Person charged with violating the law |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Litigation in which 1 person asserts that a physical, emotional, or financial injury was a consequence of another person’s actions or failure to act |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Expected action based on moral or legal obligations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lawsuits in which plaintiff charges that a defendant committed a deliberately aggressive act |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Act in which bodily harm is threatened or attempted |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Unauthorized physical contact |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Interference with a person’s freedom to move about at will without legal authority to do so |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Devices or chemicals that restrict movement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 2 legal conditions in which you may use restraints on a pt? |
|
Definition
| Prisoners admitted for medical care and pt with mental illness who is dangerous to self or others |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of OBRA? |
|
Definition
| To protect those in nursing homes from being abused by restraints |
|
|
Term
| Failure to leave people and their property alone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Act in which untrue information harms a person’s reputation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Character attack uttered orally in the presence of others |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Damaging statements written and read by others |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Unintentional failure to perform a health care procedure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Results in an injury, although the person responsible did not mean to cause harm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Harm that results because a person did not act reasonably |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What holds professionals to a higher standard of accountability? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When concerning malpractice, who decides whether a health care worker acted in a manner comparable to that of their peers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the best protection against a malpractice lawsuit? |
|
Definition
| Competent nursing and compassionate care |
|
|
Term
| Should nurses carry their own liability insurance even if their employer covers them? (YES/NO) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Legal immunity to passersby who provide emergency first aid to victims of accidents |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Designated time within which a person can fine a lawsuit |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Process of identifying and reducing costs of anticipated losses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Written account of an unusual, potentially injurious event involving a client, employee, or visitors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When writing an incident report, how should all witnesses be identified? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 5 important pieces to include in an incident report? |
|
Definition
| 1. When incident occurred 2. Where it happened 3. Who was involved 4. What happened 5. Actions that were taken |
|
|
Term
| Personal, handwritten account of an incident |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Moral principles that direct actions as being either right or wrong |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List of written statements describing ideal behavior |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the model for personal conduct? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Choice between 2 undesirable alternatives that occurs when individual values and laws conflict |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ethical theory based on final outcomes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ethical theory based on duty or moral obligations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| “Doing good”; acting for another’s benefit and preventing or removing any potentially harmful factor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| “Doing no harm”; avoiding an action that deliberately harms a person |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Refers to a competent person’s right to make their own choices without intimidation or influence |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The duty to be honest and avoid any deceiving or misleading of a client |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Being faithful to work-related commitments and obligations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clients are to be treated impartially without discrimination according to age, gender, race, religion, socioeconomic status, weight, martial status, or sexual orientation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Proposes that all clients have the right to complete and accurate information |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Safeguarding a person’s health information from public disclosure and is the foundation for trust |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Written statement identifying a competent person’s wishes concerning terminal care |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who can initiate advance directives? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Written document that identifies a person’s preference regarding medical interventions to use or not to use in a terminal condition, irreversible coma, or persistent vegetative state with no hope of recovery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Designates a proxy for making medical decisions when the pt becomes so incompetent or incapacitated that pt cannot make decisions independently |
|
Definition
| Durable power of attorney |
|
|
Term
| What is a pt’s code status referring to? |
|
Definition
| How HC personnel are required to manage care in case of cardiac or respiratory arrest |
|
|
Term
| What does DNR or “no code” mean? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does it mean if a pt is designated in “full code”? |
|
Definition
| All measures will be taken to resuscitate the pt |
|
|
Term
| Process of deciding how to distribute limited life-saving equipment or procedures among several who could benefit |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Damaging statements written and read by others |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Character attack uttered orally in the presence of others |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is one of the primary keys to establishing and maintaining positive nurse-client relationships? |
|
Definition
| The manner and style of the nurse’s communication |
|
|
Term
| When is a relationship between a nurse and pt established? |
|
Definition
| When nursing services are provided |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 categories of client needs? |
|
Definition
| 1. Safe and effective care environment 2. Health promotion and maintenance 3. Psychosocial integrity 4. Physiological integrity |
|
|
Term
| Who designates the 4 categories of client needs? |
|
Definition
| The National Council of State Boards of Nursing |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 basic roles of a nurse? |
|
Definition
| 1. Caregiver 2. Educator 3. Collaborator 4. Delegator |
|
|
Term
| Who performs health-related activities that a sick person cannot perform independently |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Provides health teaching pertinent to the client’s needs and knowledge base |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Works with others to achieve a common goal, manages care and those to whom care is delegated, and shares info with Dr. or other health care workers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Person who assigns tasks to others |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who is accountable for inadequate care? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does a therapeutic nurse-client relationship end? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When are therapeutic nurse-client relationships more likely to develop? |
|
Definition
| When the nurse treats each pt as a unique person and respects that person’s feelings |
|
|
Term
| What does a therapeutic nurse-client relationship promote? |
|
Definition
| Pt’s physical, emotional, social, and spiritual well-being |
|
|
Term
| Relationship where the desired outcome of the association is almost always moving toward improving health |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 phases of the nurse-client relationship? |
|
Definition
| 1. Introductory 2. Working 3. Terminating |
|
|
Term
| Period of getting acquainted, initiated when pt identifies one or more health problems for which he is seeking help |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Period when tasks are performed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Period when relationship comes to an end because immediate health problems have improved |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Exchange of info between 2 or more people followed by feedback and indication that info was either understood or requires further clarification |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 2 types of communication? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type of communication with words to include speaking, writing and reading that is used to gather facts, instruct, clarify and exchange ideas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a common obstacle to effective communication? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type of verbal communication that uses words and gestures to accomplish a particular objective |
|
Definition
| Therapeutic verbal communication |
|
|
Term
| If a pt is quiet and uncommunicative should you assume he has no problems and understands everything? (YES/NO) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is just as important during communication as speaking? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type of communication that is an exchange of info without using words and involves what is not said |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some indications to look for during nonverbal communication? |
|
Definition
| Facial expressions and other forms of body language |
|
|
Term
| What is another term used for body language? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vocal sounds that are not actually words |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Use and relationship of space to communicate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Personal contact with another person or object |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type of touch that is required when performing nursing procedures |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type of touch used to demonstrate concern or affection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During a nurse-client relationship, how should you never treat older adults? |
|
Definition
| As if they are children or uneducated |
|
|
Term
| What are some characteristics of metabolic syndrome? |
|
Definition
| Obesity, abdominal fat, high BP, high blood glucose, high fat levels |
|
|
Term
| Process by which the body uses food |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Condition resulting from a lack of proper nutrients in the diet |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who would be at risk for inadequate nutrition? |
|
Definition
| Older adults who are socially isolated, living alone, or on fixed incomes; homeless, children of economically deprived parents, pregnant teenagers, people with substance abuse problems, people with eating disorders |
|
|
Term
| What is necessary for life? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are individual nutritional needs influenced by? |
|
Definition
| Age, weight and height, growth periods, activity, health status |
|
|
Term
| How many calories per day do healthy adults require on average? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Building and repairing cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Responsible for building maintaining and repairing tissue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Responsible for blood regeneration |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are carbohydrates usually found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a chief component of most diet? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Primary source for “quick” energy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some good sources of carbohydrates? |
|
Definition
| Rice, wheat, wheat germ, oats, barley, corn, corn meal, fruits, vegetables, sweeteners |
|
|
Term
| Concentrated energy source that supplies more than twice the calories/gram than either proteins or carbohydrates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What provides energy and is necessary for chemical reactions in the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is necessary for absorption of some vitamins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What adds flavor to foods and promotes the feeling of having satisfies appetite and hunger? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the role of cholesterol? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is “good cholesterol”? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is “bad cholesterol”? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cholesterol that is delivered to the liver for removal |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Cholesterol that is deposited within the walls of arteries |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the goal of the Healthy People 2020 Initiative? |
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Definition
| At least 50% of people 2 years and older will consume no more than 30% of their daily calories from fat, and of that, 10% should be saturated |
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Term
| Help to regulate many of the body’s chemical processes such as blood clotting and conduction of nerve impulses |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some common dietary minerals? |
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Definition
| Sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, iodine, iron, magnesium, zinc |
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Term
| Why is potassium needed in our daily dietary mineral requirements? |
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Definition
| For maintenance of electrolyte balance, neuromuscular activity, and enzyme reactions |
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Term
| What foods are rich in potassium? |
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Definition
| Potatoes, oranges, bananas |
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Term
| Chemical substances necessary for normal growth, maintenance of health, and functioning of the body |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of vitamins that are eliminated with body fluids and require daily replacement |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of vitamins that are stored in the body as reserves for future needs |
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Definition
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Term
| What replaces the previously used food pyramid? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an advantage of “my plate”? |
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Definition
| The amounts from various food group categories can be individualized according to a person's age, gender, and level of activity |
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Term
| Improved tool where amounts from various food group categories can be individualized according to a person’s age, gender, and level of activity |
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Definition
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Term
| What must be provided on all packages of fresh meats and poultry products? |
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Definition
| Printed disease prevention guidelines |
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Term
| What do food labels identify? |
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Definition
| Amounts of each nutrient per serving |
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Term
| What are some factors that influence eating habits? |
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Definition
| Food preferences, number of people in household, established meal patterns, access to food markets, attitude/knowledge about nutrition, food as a “reward”, income level, body weight, time available for food preparation, cultural beliefs |
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Term
| People who restrict their consumption of animal food sources, modifying their diets for religious or personal reasons |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some advantages of being a vegetarian? |
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Definition
| Lower incidence of colorectal cancer, fewer problems with obesity and diseases associated with high-fat diets |
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Term
| What is a disadvantage of being a vegetarian? |
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Definition
| Can be inadequate in complete protein, calcium, riboflavin, vitamins B12 & D, and iron |
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Term
| Assessment technique for obtaining facts about a pt’s eating habits and factors that affect nutrition |
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Definition
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Term
| Measurements pertaining to body size and composition obtained by measuring height and weight, calculating BMI, measuring mid-arm circumference, triceps skin-fold thickness, and abdominal circumference |
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Definition
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Term
| Provides numeric data to compare a person’s size in relation to established norms for the adult population |
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Definition
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Term
| What is used when calculating BMI? |
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Definition
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Term
| Helps to determine skeletal muscle mass and if combined with other measurements helps to assess a pt’s nutritional status |
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Definition
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Term
| Aids in estimating the amount of subcutaneous fat deposits |
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Definition
| Triceps skin-fold thickness |
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Term
| What does triceps skin-fold thickness relate to? |
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Definition
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Term
| Condition in which a person’s BMI is equal to or exceeds 30kg/M2 or the triceps skin fold measurement exceeds 15 mm |
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Definition
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Term
| What does obesity indicate? |
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Definition
| A need for healthy weight-reduction measures |
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Term
| What are some great health risk factors concerning obesity? |
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Definition
| Higher incidence of heart and vascular disease, hypertension, and diabetes |
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Term
| What are some conditions that obese people are at a higher risk for obtaining? |
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Definition
| Vascular disease, hypertension, diabetes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| General wasting away of body tissue |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are some factors associated with anorexia? |
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Definition
| Illness, altered taste and smell, oral problems, tension, depression |
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Term
| Psychological disorder associates with a 20-25% loss in previously stable body weight |
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Definition
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Term
| Should you ignore the fact that a pt is not eating? (YES/NO) |
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Definition
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Term
| What usually precedes vomiting? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some side effects concerning nausea? |
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Definition
| Person may feel faint or weak, dizzy, perspiring, pale skin, rapid pulse rate, headache |
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Term
| What becomes priority once nausea is relieved? |
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Definition
| Fluid intake and nourishment |
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Term
| Loss of stomach contents through the mouth |
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Definition
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Term
| Substance that is vomited and readily visible |
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Definition
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Term
| Act of vomiting without producing vomitus |
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Definition
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Term
| Bringing stomach contents to the throat and mouth without the effort of vomiting |
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Definition
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Term
| What age group is regurgitation common among? |
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Definition
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Term
| Vomiting that occurs with great force |
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Definition
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Term
| What is stomach gas primarily a result of? |
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Definition
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Term
| When does stomach acid become a problem? |
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Definition
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Term
| Discharge of gas from the stomach through the lungs |
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Definition
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Term
| Gas formed in the intestine and released from the rectum when eructation does not occur |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the nurse responsible for when managing the nutrition of a pt? |
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Definition
| Ordering/cancelling pt’s diets, serving/collecting meal trays, assisting clients to eat, recording % that client eats, must know the type of diet prescribed for each pt – its purpose & characteristics, making sure pt receives correct diet |
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Term
| What are some of the different diets that are available? |
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Definition
| Regular/general, light/convalescent, soft, mechanical soft, full liquid, clear liquid, special therapeutic |
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Term
| What all can a pt on a low sodium diet have? |
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Definition
| Example: baked chicken, tossed salad with olive oil, fresh fruit, ice tea |
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Term
| What is the recommended daily intake of sodium? |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of sodium diet with less than 5 mg of sodium per serving |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of sodium diet with 35 mg or less per serving |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of sodium diet with 140 mg or less per serving |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of sodium diet that may contain sodium as a natural part of the food, but no additional sodium or salt is added during processing |
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Definition
| Unsalted/no salt added/without added salt |
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Term
| How can you reduce the sodium/salt in your diet? |
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Definition
| Choose more fresh fruits, eat less processed foods, put the salt shaker away, use herbs and spices to season foods during cooking and at the table |
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Term
| What is common in older adults that interferes with chewing, swallowing, and enjoying meals? |
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Definition
| Xerostomia (aka dry mouth) |
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Term
| Provides the body with energy |
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Definition
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Term
| What 3 things supply calories and are needed for growth and repair of body structures? |
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Definition
| 1. Proteins 2. Carbohydrates 3. Fats |
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Term
| What 2 things do not supply calories but are essential for regulating and maintaining physiologic processes that are necessary for life? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some foods that are rich in fats? |
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Definition
| Beef, pork, butter, oils, whole milk, cheese, peanut butter, chocolate, nuts |
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Term
| How is cholesterol transported? |
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Definition
| Through the blood in molecules of lipoproteins |
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Term
| How can a person easily meet their vitamin requirements? |
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Definition
| By eating a variety of foods |
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Term
| What should you document concerning a pt’s vomit? |
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Definition
| Amount, color, unusual odor |
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Term
| How can a nurse assist a pt with eating? |
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Definition
| Assist in feeding if pt has poor appetite, place food closer, remover wrappers and assist pt, guide patients hand to their mouth |
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Term
| Type of diet that allows unrestricted food selections |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of diet that typically omits fried, fatty, gas-forming, raw foods and rich pastries |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of diet that contains foods soft in texture, usually low in residue and readily digestible that provides fewer fruits, vegetables, or meats than a light diet |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of diet used for clients with chewing difficulties that provides cooked fruits and vegetables and ground meats |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of diet that consists of fruit and vegetable juices, creamed or blended soups, milk, ices, ice cream, gelatin, junket, custards, and cooked cereals |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of diet that consists of water, clear broth, clear fruit juices, plain gelatin, tea, and coffee |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of diet where foods are prepared to meet special needs, such as low in sodium, fat, or fiber |
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Definition
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Term
| How much sodium is found in one teaspoon of salt? |
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Definition
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Term
| Irregular elevated thick scars that are common among dark skinned clients and may be genetic |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Production of new RBCs cannot match the rate of destruction of old blood cells |
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Term
| Statutes that protect personal freedoms and rights and involves disputes between individual citizens |
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Definition
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Term
| Client is forewarned of a potential safety hazard and chooses to ignore the warning |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of info should you document? |
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Definition
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Term
| Act of expelling feces from the body |
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Definition
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Term
| Rhythmic contractions of intestinal smooth muscle that facilitate defecation and moves residue through the GI tract |
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Definition
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Term
| Increases peristaltic activity that occurs during eating |
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Definition
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Term
| Ring shaped band of muscles that relax to release stool when a person gets the urge to defecate |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some factors that affect bowel elimination? |
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Definition
| Foods eaten, fluid intake, drugs, emotions, neuromuscular function (exercise), abdominal muscle tone, opportunity for defecation |
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Term
| How do foods eaten affect bowel elimination? |
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Definition
| Influence color, odor, volume, and consistency of stool, and fecal velocity |
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Term
| How does fluid intake affect bowel elimination? |
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Definition
| Influences moisture content of stool |
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Term
| How do drugs affect bowel elimination? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| How do emotions affect bowel elimination? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| How does exercise affect bowel elimination? |
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Definition
| Affects the ability to control rectal muscles |
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Term
| How does a pt’s abdominal muscle tone affect bowel elimination? |
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Definition
| Affects to ability to increase intra-abdominal pressure (Valsalva maneuver) |
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Term
| How do opportunities for defecation affect bowel elimination? |
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Definition
| Inhibits or facilitates elimination |
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Term
| What are 2 components of bowel elimination assessment? |
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Definition
| 1. Bowel habits 2. Characteristics of feces |
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Term
| What is the normal color for stool? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What are some abnormal stool colors? |
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Definition
| Black, clay/tan, yellow, green |
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|
Term
| What kind of odor does normal stool produce? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Would stool with a foul odor be considered normal or abnormal? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal consistency for stool? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some different abnormal consistencies for stool? |
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Definition
| Soft, bulky, hard, dry, watery, paste like |
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|
Term
| What are the normal shapes for stool? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What would be some abnormal shapes for stool? |
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Definition
| Unformed, flat, pencil-shaped, stone like |
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|
Term
| What components are normally found in stool? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What types of components would be abnormal findings in stool? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What are some alterations in bowel elimination? |
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Definition
| Constipation, fecal impaction, flatulence/flatus, diarrhea, fecal incontinence |
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Term
| Condition that results from dry, hard stool that is difficult to pass |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What are some S/S of constipation? |
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Definition
| Complaints of abdominal fullness or bloating, abdominal distention, C/O rectal fullness or pressure, pain on defecation, decreased frequency of BM, inability to pass stool, changes in stool characteristics such as oozing, liquid stool or hard, small stool |
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Term
| What are 4 types of constipation? |
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Definition
| 1. Primary 2. Secondary 3. Iatrogenic 3. Pseudoconstipation |
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Term
| Which type of constipation results from lifestyle factors such as inactivity, inadequate intake of fiber, insufficient fluid intake, or ignoring the urge to defecate? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which type of constipation is a consequence of a pathologic disorder such as partial bowel obstruction? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| When does secondary constipation usually resolve? |
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Definition
| When the primary cause is treated |
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Term
| Which type of constipation is a consequence of other medical treatments such as the use of narcotics? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Type of constipation that occurs when clients believe themselves to be constipated even though they are not |
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Definition
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Term
| Who might Pseudoconstipation be common in? |
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Definition
| People who are extremely concerned about having a daily BM |
|
|
Term
| What is Pseudoconstipation a result of? |
|
Definition
| Overuse/abuse of laxatives, suppositories and enemas |
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|
Term
| Hardened mass of stool that is impossible for pt to pass voluntarily |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What does fecal impaction result from? |
|
Definition
| Unrelieved constipation, retained barium from an intestinal X-ray, and weakness of abdominal weakness |
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|
Term
| Excessive accumulation of intestinal gas |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is flatus a result of? |
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Definition
| Swallowing air while eating or from sluggish peristalsis |
|
|
Term
| What are some common foods known for producing gas? |
|
Definition
| Cabbage, cucumbers, onions, beans |
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|
Term
| Urgent passage of watery stool |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is diarrhea commonly accompanied by? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some associated S/S of diarrhea? |
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Definition
| Nausea and vomiting and blood or mucous in the stools |
|
|
Term
| What might diarrhea be the result of? |
|
Definition
| Emotional stress, dietary indiscretions, laxative abuse, bowel disorders |
|
|
Term
| What should you do if diarrhea is not relieved within 24 hours? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Inability to control the elimination of stool |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does fecal incontinence result from? |
|
Definition
| Neurologic changes that impair muscle activity, sensation, or thought process |
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|
Term
| What could occur when a person cannot reach a toilet in time to eliminate, such as after taking a harsh laxative? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 2 measures to promote bowel elimination? |
|
Definition
| 1. Rectal suppository 2. Enema |
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|
Term
| An oval or cone-shaped mass that melts at body temperature and is inserted into the rectum |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the most common reason for inserting a suppository? |
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Definition
| To deliver a drug that will promote the expulsion of feces |
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|
Term
| Introduces solution into the rectum |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What are some reasons for a nurse to administer an enema? |
|
Definition
| Cleanse lower bowel, soften feces, expel flatus, soothe irritated mucous membranes, outline colon during diagnostic x-rays, treat worm and parasite infections |
|
|
Term
| What are 2 main types of enemas? |
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Definition
| 1. Cleansing enema 2. Retention enema |
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|
Term
| Type of enema that uses different types of solution to remove feces from rectum |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Type of enema that uses a solution held within the large intestine for a specific period, usually at least 30 minutes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of enema loosens and softens stool for easier defecation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 3 types of cleansing enemas? |
|
Definition
| 1. Tap water/NS enema 2. Soap solution enema 3. Hypertonic saline enema |
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|
Term
| Type of cleansing enema that is preferred for its nonirritating effects |
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Definition
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|
Term
| In which type of cleansing enema could fluid and electrolyte balances possibly occur? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which type of cleansing enema irritates the mucous membranes? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which type of cleansing enema draws fluid from body tissues into the bowel and increases fluid volume in intestine beyond what was originally instilled? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Surgical opening through the skin from an internal structure |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Opening in the skin where materials enter and exit through |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What are 2 types of ostomies? |
|
Definition
| 1. Ileostomy 2. Colostomy |
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|
Term
| Surgically created opening to the ileum |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Surgically created opening to a portion of the colon |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Bag or collection device over the stoma to collect stool |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Closing the glottis and contracting the abdominal muscles to increase abdominal pressure and aids in defecation |
|
Definition
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