Term
| Differing aptitudes among boys and girls |
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Definition
| Girls are more intimate where as Boys are individualists. Girls are interpersonal. Boys like large groups where as girls are in smaller. Females use conversation where as males find solutions Boys are more aggressive. Changes around 50 years old where the roles switch |
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Term
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Definition
| Deals with chromosome 21. There is an extra chromosome and there are 47. Effects are impairment of cognitive ability and physical growth |
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Term
| What is puberty and what changes occur? |
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Definition
| Fourth stage of Eriksons stages. Time when adolescents change biologically allowing them to reach sexual maturity. Changes which occur include growing of hair, voice, hormones, ability to be more abstract (piaget) Menarche ( first period a women receives) spermarc (boys first ejaculation), |
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Term
| Who was Jean Piaget and what did he study? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| sensory motor stage which was for babies which dealt with perception and object permanence which is being able to tell that an object continues to be there even though it isn’t in view, IE hiding something under a blanket. |
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Term
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Definition
| Second stage was preoperational which claimed that here there is egocentrism, which is focusing on self. Too young here to perform mental operations. Conservation that believes amount stays the same regardless of the amount or shape so in this stage they are unable to believe this. Animism which is thinking every object is alive, giving inanimate objects life like characteristics. |
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Term
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Definition
| Third stage- concrete operational- starts to understand conservation and math but no hypothetical or unrealistic deductive reasoning |
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Term
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Definition
| Final fourth stage- formal operational- abstract thinking. Thinking about free will, if this then that sort of reasoning skills, |
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Term
| What are some differences between a childs’ mind of 2-1/2 yrs versus a 3-yr. old? |
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Definition
| Child was not able to find a pepsi can in a real room after seeing a model room with it where as a 3 year old can. 2 and a half year olds do not recognize symbols where as a three year old can. |
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Term
| Who was Kholberg and who was Erikson and what did they study? |
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Definition
| Theory based on moral development. New stages |
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Term
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Definition
| First stage was preconvention meaning that its all about me. Example- doing something for benefit of yourself such as cheat on a test for a better grade. |
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Term
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Definition
| Second stage is conventional meaning that they work according to rules. Based on rules and laws as well as social approval and are all conventional. Example, everyone else is doing it |
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Term
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Definition
| Third stage is postconventional which is based on human rights, agreed upon rights, example: Taking credit for someone else’s work. Worrying about needs of others. Why is this controversial? Seen more in westernized nations, there are no universal agreed upon rights |
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Term
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Definition
| First stage-Are my needs met? Trust or mistrust. |
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Term
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Definition
| Second stage- toddler- autonomy vs shame and doubt. Autonomy means independence |
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Term
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Definition
| Third stage- Preschooler, initiative vs guilt |
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Term
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Definition
| Fourth stage- elementary school, competence vs inferiority |
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Term
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Definition
| Fifth stage- adolescence, identity vs role confusion |
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Term
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Definition
| Sixth stage- young adulthood, intimacy vs isolation |
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Term
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Definition
| Seventh stage- middle adulthood generatively vs stagnation generatively means contributions |
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Definition
| Eighth stage- late adulthood, integrity vs despair. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 1. Sensorimotor: Stage lasting from birth to about age 2. Age that infants are developing the ability to coordinate their sensory input with their motor actions. (at the end of this stage is when a child will start developing the concept of object permanence) |
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Term
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Definition
| 2. the preoperational: stage lasting from age 2 to age 7. Development of symbolic thought marked by irreversibility, centration, and egocentrism) |
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Term
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Definition
| 3.Concrete operational Period: Stage lasting from age 7 to age 11. Mental operations applied to concrete events; mastery of conservation, hierarchical classification. |
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Term
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Definition
| 4.The formal operational period: Stage from age 11 though adulthood. Mental operations applied to abstract ideas; logical systematic thinking |
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Term
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Definition
| The ending of menstruation which occurs in late 50s. Brings a lot of hormonal changes |
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Term
| Can infants think? How do you know? |
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Definition
| Yes they can because in the video presented during class showed infants were able to react when they saw something that denied the truths they had learned. |
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Term
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Definition
| Understanding that other people have minds and intentions. Occurs in the pre-operational stage |
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Term
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Definition
| Preparing someone to remember something. Way to set people up to remember something, example is to give you a quiz before a class and then go to class to take the quiz so you are ready and know the information |
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Term
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Definition
| Repetition either outloud or in your head of a certain subject. Helps make our short term memory long term memory. It also puts it back in the cycle of the working short term memory. You can in theory rehearse indefinitely. |
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Term
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Definition
| Putting things together so you can remember more things. 7+\- 2. FBI, phone numbers, etc; A good example is trying to remember FB-INB-CC-IAIB-M, tough to remember, but FBI-NBC-CIA-IBM is easy because they are all linked |
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Term
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Definition
| (declarative memory system-more vulnerable to forgetting) Dated recollections of personal experiences. Ex: first kiss |
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Term
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Definition
| (Nondeclarative memory system- doesn’t decline much over long retention intervals) Houses memory for actions, skills, conditioned responses, and emotional memories. Ex: riding a bike, tying your shoes, typing, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| (declarative memory system- more vulnerable to forgetting) General knowledge, stored undated. Ex: Lincoln gave Gettysburg Address |
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Term
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Definition
| Stores unrehearsed information for around 20 seconds. Can hold 7 plus or minus different bits of information |
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Term
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Definition
| Semantic and episodic; semantic is general knowledge not time dated. Episodic is experienced knowledge which is something that happened. Intentional, you can intentionally recall events. Have to think back to something which you did |
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Term
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Definition
| Very vivid memory. Recollection of a momentous event. Example- 9/11. Does not have to be a nationally big event just something big to us. |
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Term
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Definition
| Unintentionally remembering something |
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Term
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Definition
| A memory with our senses which normally lasts about a quarter of a second. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Attention Encoding- focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events; Storage- involves maintaining encoded information in memory over time; Retrieval- recovering information from memory stores |
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Term
| The nature of false memories and how to create them. |
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Definition
| After subtle exposure to misinformation, many people misremember. As a memory fades with time, it is easier to inject misinformation. As we recount an experience, we fill our memory gaps with guesses and assumptions, even imagining nonexistent events can create false memories. Given time a mind in search of fact produces fiction. |
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Term
| retroactive interference. |
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Definition
| new info imparing/stopping the process of new information |
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Term
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Definition
| old info imparing the the ability to create/remember new information |
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Term
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Definition
| the more things are spread apart; the things easiest to remember are the ones furthest apart. |
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Term
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Definition
| take memories and put them in unconscious, most common with rape and abused victims. prevent bad memories and protect them from a traumatic experience. |
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Term
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Definition
| a way to enhance memory or remember something PEMDAS, ROYGBIV, acronyms. peg-word system- putting numbers to words and making associations. |
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Term
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Definition
| represent information as sequences of sounds, dominant (phonemic) |
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Term
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Definition
| represent stimuli as pictures |
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Term
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Definition
| specific event while present |
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Term
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Definition
| meaning helps you to remember, generalized knowledge of the world that doesn’t require memory of a specific event, emphasizes the meaning of verbal input, thinking about the objects and actions |
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Term
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Definition
| emphasizes what a word sounds like |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| emphasizes physical structure, how words are printed, the length etc. |
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Term
| What is the Bell Curve or Normal Curve? |
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Definition
| Measures group scores not individuals, bases it upon genetics and environment. |
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Term
| What characterizes emotional intelligence? validate |
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Definition
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Term
| How are IQ tests “biased?” |
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Definition
| Genetics are a range with which the environment acts up. Income and enviroment play a role, motivation |
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Term
| How have IQ tests been used historically? |
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Definition
| -initially made to identify children who were not up to speed so that they could get them in some remedial programs. Goddard used it to identify mentally defective immigrants, Terman and Stern however used it to find diamonds in the rough, trying to find the best and brightest |
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Term
| What is the Intelligent Quotient? |
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Definition
| a child’s mental age divided by chronological age, multiplied by 100 |
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Term
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Definition
| General factor of intelligence needed to complete the test-Vision, motor skill, etc |
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Term
| What are the key criteria for measurements of either physical or mental constructs? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| content validity (this psych test) and predictive validity (sat’s) |
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Term
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Definition
| are things you want to measure physically, MRI scans ; mental construct: measuring IQ |
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Term
| I) standardization sample. |
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Definition
| the uniform procedures used in the administration and scoring of a test |
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Term
| I) reliability coefficient. |
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Definition
| on a scale of -1 to 1 how reliable is it, how one factor is related to another factor (how parent’s IQ is related to your IQ) |
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Term
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Definition
| correlations among many variables are analyzed to identify closely related clusters of variables |
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Term
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Definition
| bell shaped curve that represents many characteristics disbursed form the population |
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Term
| I) emotional intelligence. |
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Definition
| capacity to control and identify and access emotions of yourself, others and groups |
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Term
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Definition
| estimates range from 0 to one , (ex. 5 fingers almost a .00 heritability because it has no genetic influence just human, but human weight it a .9 heritability because that has more to do with height and weight ) ;(ratio) and estimate of the porportion of trait variablity that is determined by variations in genetic inheritance |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The process of repetitively verbalizing or thinking about information to be stored in memory |
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Term
| M) the “peg-word” system. |
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Definition
| peg-word system- putting numbers to words and making associations. |
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Term
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Definition
| Putting things together so you can remember more things. 7+\- 2. FBI, phone numbers, etc |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Fifth stage- adolescence, identity vs role confusion |
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Term
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Definition
| Fourth stage of Eriksons stages. Time when adolescents change biologically allowing them to reach sexual maturity.. |
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Term
| d) the preoperational stage. |
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Definition
| Second stage was preoperational which claimed that here there is egocentrism, which is focusing on self. Too young here to perform mental operations |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| -social contracts, self agreed upon rights |
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Term
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Definition
| performing on a test based on how your stereotype predicts your going to perform |
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Term
| I) innate mental inferiority.- |
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Definition
| galten wanted to see which race was more intelligent |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| lasts for 20 seconds of unrehearsed, if you don't make an association it will be gone and not transferred into long term memory |
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Term
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Definition
| process through which people deliberately try to remember |
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Term
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Definition
| traumatic experience very vivid and clear, know details |
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Term
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Definition
| unintentional recall of past experiences |
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Term
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Definition
| brain will make up for other parts of the brain that is lacking or missing |
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Term
| I) reliability coefficients |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| priming can trigger memory and retrieval helps you choose the right memory because of previous associations made |
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Term
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Definition
| very short, have to do with sense and stimuli (ex. writing name with sparklers, its really gone but our sensory info fills in the blanks) |
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Term
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Definition
| dependent memories.-way a memory is encoded is the best way to retrieve it |
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Term
| M) serial position effects: |
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Definition
| remember first and last things the best.(ex: on a list or from a movie). |
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Term
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Definition
| short term memory; acoustic encoding |
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Term
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Definition
| visual encoding; pictures |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| D) affirming agreed upon rights |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| involves forming a memory code |
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Term
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Definition
| -we are bombarded with stimulus info. Sensory memory serves to bring coherence and continuity to the world. Stores information for only about a second |
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Term
| B) the next-in-line effect. |
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Definition
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Term
| D) the serial position effect. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; |
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Term
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Definition
| Consistent measurement (e.g. weight scale, SAT, GRE, GMAT) |
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Term
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Definition
| Improves in use of mental images and symbolic though |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency to focus on one feature of a problem, neglecting other important aspects; rreversibility: Inability to envision reversing an action, cant mentally undo something. |
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Term
| B) concrete operational: (7-11) |
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Definition
| Mental operations, children can perform operations only on images of tangible objects and actual events, they have reversiabilty and decentration |
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Term
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Definition
| Infants are developing the ability to coordinate their sensory input with there motor actions |
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Term
| D) formal operational: (11 years and above), |
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Definition
| apply operations to abstract concepts in addition to concrete objects; incerasing abstract, systematic, logical, and reflective |
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Term
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Definition
| represents the present, allows you to organize, solve problems |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Process which people deliberately remember something |
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Term
| A) the serial position effect- |
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Definition
| remember first and last things the best (ex. beginning and end of a movie) |
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Term
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Definition
| study as you go=good all at once =bad |
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Term
| C) the misinformation effect |
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Definition
| - our mind will run with a false memory when primed even if memory did not occur |
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Term
| D) long-term potentiation |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| we are bombarded with stimulus info. Sensory memory serves to bring coherence and continuity to the world. Stores information for only about a second |
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Term
| B) proactive interference. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| represent stimuli as pictures |
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Term
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Definition
| persistence of learning over time, billions of data |
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