Term
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Definition
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Term
| how big is a normal prokaryotic cell compared to a eukaryotic cell? |
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Definition
prokaryotes= 1 - 5 micrometers
eukaryotes= 10 - 100 micrometers |
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Term
| peptidoglycan layer in cell wall? |
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Definition
| ONLY in Bacteria (pink gram stain= gm- means it's a thin peptidoglycan layer)( purple gram stain= gm+ bacteria means it has a thick peptidoglycan layer) |
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Term
| what shape is a coccus? cocci=plural |
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Definition
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Term
| what shape is a bacillus? bacilli=plural |
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Definition
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Term
| What shape is spirochete? |
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Definition
| spiral wormlike (ex. syphillis) |
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Term
| do prokaryotes have cell walls? |
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Definition
| yes (to maintain shape, protect from bursting in hypotonic soln) |
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Term
| are cell walls of archaea and bacteria different? how? |
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Definition
yes-
Bacterial cell walls have peptidoglycan layers (+ or -)
Archaea DO NOT have peptidoglycan layers |
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Term
| what is a capsule of (certain) prokaryotic cells made of? |
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Definition
| polysaccharieds, it's a sticky coat that helps them attach to other cells |
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Term
| what's a flagellum (flagella plural) |
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Definition
| a naked protein w/o microtubules, it rotates like a propeller. |
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Term
| is a prokaryotic flagellum homologous or analogous to a eukaryotic flagellum? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a cell with a thick protective coat that allows them to live in extreme enviornment - very hot or very cold. allows cell to resume growth sometimes after centuries |
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Term
| aerobic prokaryotes carry out cellular respiration where? |
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Definition
| Infoldings of the Plasma Membrane |
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Term
| Cyanobacteria carries out photosynthesis where? |
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Definition
| infolded thylakoid membranes |
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Term
| where is photosynthesis in eukaryotes? |
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Definition
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Term
| according to evolutionists, who are the ancestors of the chloroplasts? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did aerobic prokaryotes evolve to become? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| small rings of DNA that carries genes that might provide resistance to antibiotics (R factor) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Carbon Sources can be _______ or ________? |
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Definition
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Term
| Photo vs Chemo AUTO and HETEROtrophs |
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Definition
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Term
| How do prokaryotes obtain nourishment? |
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Definition
| Biofilms: surface-coating colonies (recruiting of nearby cells) |
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Term
| what are the most abundant cells on earth? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| archaea that live in extremely salty conditions ("halo"=salt "phile"=loving) |
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Term
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Definition
| Heat loving archaea ("halo"=heat) |
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Term
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Definition
Rhyzobium
Photosynthetic Gamma Proteobacteria (SULFUR bacteria)
Chlamydias
Myxobacteria
Spirochetes |
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Term
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Definition
Genus of GM - curved rod shaped bacteria
These can cause food borne infections in undercooked seafood. Found in saltwater. They're facultative anaerobes and have polar flagellum |
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Term
| Pathogenic bacteria cause disease by producing poisonus _______ or ________ |
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Definition
| exotoxins (GM +) or endotoxins (GM -) |
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Term
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Definition
| disease causing proteins secreted by bacterial cells, some of the most powerful toxins known are exotoxins |
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Term
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Definition
| component of GM- bacterial membrane that is released when cell dies or is digested by another cell |
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Term
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Definition
| cocci shaped exotoxin producer |
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Term
| protista are prokaryotes, T or F? |
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Definition
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Term
| Algae are autotrophic or heterotrophic? |
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Definition
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Term
| Protozoans are heterotrophic or autotrophic |
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Definition
| heterotropohic- they get their E from eating bacteria & other protistas |
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Term
| fungus-like protistas (slime molds) get their nutrition thru |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| living within another symbotically |
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Term
| do protistas have nuclear membrane, multiple chromosomes and organelles? |
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Definition
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Term
| Some protistas evolved from _________ |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the difference between primary and secondary endosymbosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| The most ancient eukaryotes still living today (ex: Giardia intestinalis -no DNA, no ETC ) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
heterotrophic protistas
-modified mitochondria
-can generate some E anaerobically |
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Term
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Definition
| Protistas w/ crystalline rod inside their flagella. Heterotrophic. Ex: Euglena |
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Term
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Definition
| A euglenozoan protozoa that feeds on rbc. Gives you sleeping sickness, transmitted by tsetse fly |
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Term
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Definition
| have sacs or alveoli underneath the plasma membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| Important phytoplankton- live w/in coral. Their blooms causes red tides |
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Term
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Definition
| Protista with cilia (ex: Stentor and Paramecium) |
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Term
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Definition
| animal parasites like Plasmodium which cause Malaria |
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Term
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Definition
| Ciliate with a macronucleus |
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Term
| Stramenophiles (not on final) |
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Definition
| Hairy Flagellum protistas |
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Term
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Definition
| Fungus-like protistas that decompose dead things in FRESHwater habitats |
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Term
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Definition
| unicellular protista w/ silicate cell wall (glassy and colored) forms diatomaceous earth when they die |
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Term
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Definition
| Phaeophyta, large, complex ALGAE called seaweeds (this is Kingdom Chromista) |
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Term
| Green Algae and Red Algae are Protista or Chromista? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Slow moving amobeas with pseudopodia (false-foot). |
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Term
| Slime mold is an amoebozoan T/F? |
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Definition
| True- it is an amoebozoan that forms a plasmodium (multinucleate mass of cytoplasm). Phagocytosis. Spores. |
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Term
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Definition
| Live as solitary amoeboid cells but swarm together when food is scarce, form a stalk and produce spores. |
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Term
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Definition
| Composed of calcium carbonate and have porous shells, they live in marine and freshwaters, they have threadlike pseudopodia- |
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Term
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Definition
| unicellular protista with internal silicate skeleton |
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Term
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Definition
| Rodophyta- have some pigments called phycobillin and phycoerythrins |
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Term
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Definition
| Chlorophyta split into 2 groups Chlorophytes and CHAROphytes |
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Term
| From the 2 groups that the green algae split into, which one gave rise to the land plants? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| SeaLettuce, a multicellular green alga. |
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Term
| When the Gametophyte and Sporophyte look identical? |
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Definition
| Isomorphic alternation of generation (when you have to look under a microscope to see if they're 2N or 1N) |
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Term
| Multicellularity ccame from specialization of the cells of _________ protistas |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| "Rear Flagella" (Opisthonkonts gave rise to fungi and animals) |
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Term
| Stramenopile lineage gave rise to |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F Red, Brown and Green Algae all came from a common ancestor. |
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Definition
| F- Red and Green came from one, Brown came from Stramenopile |
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