Term
|
Definition
Bony labyrinth
Membranous labyrinth
Hair cells |
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Term
| Bony labyrinth: components (3) |
|
Definition
3 semicircular canals
Cochlea
Vestibule |
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Term
| Perilymph communicates with ____ in subarachnoid space via _______ ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Membranous labyrinth: components (5) |
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Definition
membranous portions of 3 SCCs (+ampullae)
2 otolith organs (saccule, utricle) |
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Term
| Communication between endolymph and perilymph |
|
Definition
NONE
(endolymph ~ ICF; perilymph ~ CSF) |
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Term
| Each hair cell contains: (2) |
|
Definition
50-70 stereocilia (arranged shortest to longest)
1 kinocilium |
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Term
|
Definition
Crista ampullaris
in ampulla of semicircular canal;
covered by cupula |
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Term
| Angular v. Linear velocity: crista ampulla |
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Definition
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Term
| Angular v. Linear velocity: hair cells |
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Definition
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Term
| Angular v. Linear velocity: cupula |
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Definition
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Term
| Angular v. Linear velocity: semicircular canal |
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Definition
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Term
| Angular v. Linear velocity: macula |
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Definition
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Term
| Angular v. Linear velocity: otolith |
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Definition
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Term
| Angular v. Linear velocity: otoconia |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Cupula: sensitivity to gravity |
|
Definition
| NOT sensitive to gravity, due to specific gravity similar to surrounding endolymph |
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|
Term
| Advantages of spatial arrangement of SCCs |
|
Definition
sensory redundancy (lose info from one side, it's ok)
ability to ignore changes occurring to both sides at once (e.g. temperature/chemical ∆s) |
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Term
|
Definition
Vestibular nuclei
Vestibulocerebellum
(pathways from vestibular nuclei) |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Vestibular nuclei: send info UP to... (2) |
|
Definition
vestibular cortex via thalamus
CNs involved in extraocular mvmt (VOR) |
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|
Term
| Damage to vestibular cortex/thalamus can >> |
|
Definition
loss of awareness of "upright"
unilateral pusher syndrome |
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Term
| Vestibular nuclei: send info DOWN to... |
|
Definition
| LMNs used to maintain balance (VSR) |
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|
Term
| Vestibular nuclei: types of info received |
|
Definition
proprioceptive
visual
auditory
tactile |
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|
Term
| Pathways from vestibular nuclei (6) |
|
Definition
MLF
Vestibulospinal tracts
Vestibulocollic pathways
Vestibulothalamocortical
Vestibuloautonomic
Vestibulocerebellar |
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|
Term
| Vestibular nuclei pathways: MLF >> |
|
Definition
| to extraocular nuclei and superior colliculus to influence eye mvmt (VOR) |
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|
Term
Vestibular nuclei pathways: vestibulospinal tracts >>
(med/lat vestibulospinal tracts via connections to reticulospinal/tectospinal tracts) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Vestibular nuclei pathways: vestibulocollic pathways >> |
|
Definition
| CN XI to influence head position |
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|
Term
| Vestibular nuclei pathways: vestibulothalamocortical >> |
|
Definition
| cortex, for conscious awareness of head position/mvmt |
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|
Term
| Vestibular nuclei pathways: vestibuloautonomic >> |
|
Definition
| reticular formation >> vomiting/nausea |
|
|
Term
| Vestibular nuclei pathways: vestibulocerebellar >> |
|
Definition
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Term
| Role of vestibulocerebellum (3) |
|
Definition
Influences eye mvmts (adjusts gain of VOR; responsible for inhibiting VOR)
Postural mm activity (via VSR)
Allow vestibular system to adapt to injury and disease |
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|
Term
| Peripheral v. Central dizziness: severe N&V |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Peripheral v. Central dizziness: moderate N&V |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Peripheral v. Central dizziness: mild imbalance |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Peripheral v. Central dizziness: severe imbalance |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Peripheral v. Central dizziness: hearing loss common |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Peripheral v. Central dizziness: hearing loss rare |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Peripheral v. Central dizziness: mild oscillopsia |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Peripheral v. Central dizziness: severe oscillopsia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Peripheral v. Central dizziness: neuro symptoms rare |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Peripheral v. Central dizziness: neuro symptoms common |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Peripheral v. Central dizziness: rapid compensation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Peripheral v. Central dizziness: slow compensation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Duration of vertigo: BPPV |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Duration of vertigo: Meniere's (endolymphatic hydrops) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Duration of vertigo: vestibular neuritis, labyrinth infarct |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Primary types of central vestibular pathology (4) |
|
Definition
Migraine-associated dizziness
Head/neck trauma
VBI
Cerebellar degeneration |
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|
Term
| Migraine-associated dizziness: prevalence |
|
Definition
| 6.5% (most common central cause of dizziness) |
|
|
Term
| Migraine-associated dizziness: manifestation |
|
Definition
spinning sensation before HA,
dizziness/imbalance during HA,
dizziness in absence of HA |
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Term
| Migraine-associated dizziness: dx |
|
Definition
dx of exclusion
physical exam = normal
vestibular lab tests abnormal, but not disorder-specific |
|
|
Term
| Migraine-associated dizziness: Rx (5) |
|
Definition
avoid dietary triggers
treat migraine (tricyclic antidepressants, beta blockers, CCBs)
treat disequilibrium (PT)
treat space/motion discomfort (phenergan)
treat anxiety/panic (behavior therapy, meds) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| body on head rotation test |
|
|
Term
| Cervical vertigo: typical c/o (3) |
|
Definition
**temporal connection between injury/dizziness
restricted neck motion, referral to scap/shldr
dizziness-associated HAs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
decr swelling/pain (RICE, HUM)
eval intersegmental motion
ther ex (include proprioception) |
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|
Term
| VBI: efficacy and continued use of screening tests |
|
Definition
not helpful
dangerous to ? extent
prob only used due to medicolegal issues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
visual dysfxn (69%)
drop attacks (33%)
unsteadiness, incoordination (21%)
extremity weakness (21%)
confusion (17%)
HA (14%)
hearing loss (14%)
loss of consciousness (10%)
extremity numbness (10%)
dysarthria (10%)
tinnitus (10%)
perioral numbness (5%) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cerebellar Degeneration: causes (5) |
|
Definition
alcoholism
vasculitis
paraneoplastic process (autoimmune response to cancer)
structural abnormality (e.g. Arnold-Chiari)
Other (e.g. multi-system atrophy) |
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|
Term
| Cerebellar Degeneration: s/sx (5) |
|
Definition
gradual decline in balance (wide, ataxic gait; ø tandem stance)
incoordination of UEs/LEs
visual symptoms (abnormal ocular pursuit, hypermetric saccades, nystagmus)
NO hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo
MRI shows cerebellar degen |
|
|
Term
| Cerebellar Degeneration: Rx (3) |
|
Definition
vestibular suppressants (?)
balance therapy
AD |
|
|
Term
| Cerebellar Degeneration: balance therapy Rx (3) |
|
Definition
equalize step length
narrow step width
enhance somatosensory inputs to LEs |
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