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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the nonliving components of an ecosystem, such as rainfall and mineral compostion of the soil |
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Definition
| Caused by/changed by or related to humans or human action |
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Definition
| The variety of living things in an ecosystem, the distribution of life |
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Definition
| The sum of all organic material-plant and animal matter-that make up an ecosystem |
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Definition
| one of amny distincitive types of ecosystems determined by climate and identified by the predominant vegetation and organisms that have adapted to live there. |
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Definition
| the total area on Earth (air, land, or water) where living things are found. |
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Definition
| The living (organic) components of an ecosystem, such as the plants and animals and their waste (dead leaves, feces) |
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Definition
| when movement of carbon through biotic and abiotic parts of an ecosystem occur, this happens through photosynthesis, cellular respiration, in reservoirs, and also burning fossil fuels |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of carbon through biotic and abiotic parts of an ecosystem. Carbon cycles via photosynthesis and cellular respiration as well as in and out of other reserviors such as the oceans and soil. |
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Term
| Cellular Respiration Concept |
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Definition
| producers and consumers use cellular respiration to convert sugar and oxygen back to carbon dioxide and water |
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Term
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Definition
| In Biosphere 2, oxygen levels had fallen to 14% from 21%, the biospherians were unable to convert the food they ate into usable energy |
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Definition
| Each biosphere within Biosphere 2 required special consideration between the animal and plant species and nutrient requirements |
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Definition
| Carbon is transferred as conumers and decomposers eat other organisms |
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Definition
| Biosphere's 2 greatest liability - its skyrocketing CO2 levels - proved to be its most valuable asset |
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Definition
| In Biosphere 2, the phosphorus vecame trapped in water systems and polluted aquatic habitats. Algal mats absorbed much of the excess phosphorus |
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Definition
| all the populations (plants, animals, and other species) living and interacting in an area. |
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Definition
| an organism that obtains enerfy and nutrients by feeding on another organism |
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Definition
| when a consumer feeds it only gets 10% of the energy from what it ate, resulting in a 90% energy loss |
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Definition
| The amount of land needed to support one person or population |
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Definition
| all of the organisms in a given area plus the physical environment in which they interact |
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Definition
| All ecosystems function through two fundamental processes collectively referred to as ecosystem processes, namely nutrient cycling and energy flow. |
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Definition
| the one-way passage of energy through an ecosystem |
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Definition
| Differences or variation in genetics from one generation to the next |
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Definition
| The local extinction of a species though other individuals may live in other areas |
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Definition
| Whe the Earth gets warmed because of heat trapped in the atmosphere |
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Term
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Definition
| the physical envioronment in which individuals of a particular species can be found |
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Definition
| a singal member of the population |
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Definition
| The critical resource whose supply determines |
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Definition
| the limiting factor resource can determine a population size because the range of availability of that resource must be in the zone of optimum range |
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Term
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Definition
| the ciritcal resource whose supply determines th population size of a given species in a given biome. |
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Term
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Definition
| The role a species plays in its community, including how it gets its energy and nutrients, what habitat requirements it has, and what other species and parts of the ecosystem it interacts with |
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Definition
| Series of natural processes which nitrogen passes from |
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Term
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Definition
| continuous series of natural processes by which nitrogen passes from the air to the soil, to organisms, and then returns back to the air or soil through decomposition or denitrification. |
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Term
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Definition
| Conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into a biologically usable form, carried out by bacteria found in soil or via lightening |
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Term
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Definition
| Essential chemicals or nutrients move through the environment |
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Term
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Definition
| Ranges from: individual, population, community, ecosystem, biome, and biosphere. |
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Term
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Definition
| Too many people in an environment that cannot support them |
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Term
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Definition
| Series of natural processes by which the nutrient phosphorous move from rock to soil or water, to living organisms, and back to the soil. |
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Term
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Definition
| series of natural processes by which the nutrient phosphorus moves from rock to soil or water, to living organisms, and back to the soil. |
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Term
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Definition
| producers produce sugar and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water using a process called photosynthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of individuals of the same species |
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Term
| Problems with Biosphere 2 |
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Definition
| Flora and fauna became extinct, morning glory vines |
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Term
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Definition
| an organism that converts solar energy to chemical energy via photosynthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| The range, within upper and lower limits, of a limiting |
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Term
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Definition
| Reprocessing used materials to make new products |
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Definition
| Abiotic and biotic component of the environment that |
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Term
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Definition
| Series of procedural steps to test hypotheses through experimental methods |
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Term
| Scientists learned from Biosphere 2 |
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Definition
| Negative results can be just as important as positive |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of plants or animals that have a high degree of similarity and can generally only interbreed among themselves |
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Term
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Definition
| Using materials and resources in a way that allows us to use them indefinitely |
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Term
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Definition
| Selfishly using public resources for the benefit of an individual instead of the group |
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Term
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Definition
| the traits that an environment favors. |
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Term
| Anthropogenic climate change |
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Definition
| Alterations to climate resulting from human impact |
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Term
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Definition
| Practice in which humans decide which indiviuals breed and which do not in an attempt to produce a population with desired traits |
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Term
| Background Rate of Extinction |
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Definition
| Average rate of extinction that occurred before the appearance of humans or occurs outside mass extinctions |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when a portion of the population dies then the survivors then produce a new generation, and any genes from the dead species are forever lost from future generations. |
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Term
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Definition
| Two species each provide the selective pressure that determines which traits are favored by natural selection in the other |
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Term
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Definition
| species that prefer core areas of habitat |
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Term
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Definition
| species that prefer to live close to the edeges of two different habitats (ecotone areas). |
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Term
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Definition
| Species that faces a high rish of extinction in the immediate future |
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Term
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Definition
| a species that faces a very high risk of extinction in the immediate future. |
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Term
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Definition
| describes a species that is native to a particular area and is not naturally found elsewhere. |
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Term
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Definition
| Differences in the gene frequencies within a population from one generation to the next. |
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Term
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Definition
| The complete loss of a species from an area; may be local (gone from an area) or global (gone for good). |
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Term
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Definition
| local extinction in one or more areas, though some individuals exist in other areas. |
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Term
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Definition
| Total collection of fossils found on Earth |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when a small group of species, with the same gene variants as its' original population, is physically isolated from the rest of the population. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stretches of DNA, that each direct the production of a particular protein and influence traits |
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Term
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Definition
| The heritable variation among individuals of a single population or within the species as a whole |
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Term
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Definition
| The change in gene frequencies of a population over time due to random mating that results in the loss of some gene variants |
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Term
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Definition
| Altering a natural area in a way that makes it unhabitable for the species living there |
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Term
| Habitat Destruction (example) |
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Definition
| Cutting down all the trees in a local forest to build more housing developments; by doing this, the species in the forest will lose their homes (natural habitat). |
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Term
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Definition
| Destruction of part of an area that separates suitable habitat patches from one another; patches that are too small may be unusable for some species. |
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Term
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Definition
| non-native species that cause ecological, economic, or health problems and are hard to eradicate. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nature chooses which species survive and which traits are passed along from one generation to the next. |
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Term
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Definition
| Human activity that removes more of a resource than can be replaced in the same time frame |
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Term
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Definition
| Over catching the cod population and not letting the cod population take the time to reproduce and repopulate. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hazardous or objectionable substances that are released into the environment; also includes noise and light. |
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Term
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Definition
| A nonrandom influence affecting who survives or reproduces |
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Term
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Definition
| A species that is likely to become endangered in the near future. |
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Term
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Definition
| the variety of life on Earth including species, genetic, and ecological |
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Term
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Definition
| An area that contains a large number of endemic but threatened species |
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Term
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Definition
| Monitoring that allows us to see which species are present and how robust their populations are; also helps identify specific threats to populations' well-being. |
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Term
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Definition
| This happens when a wealthy nation forgives the debt of another in return for that debt-forgiven nation to pledge protection to certain natural areas there. |
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Term
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Definition
| The variety within an ecosystem's structure including many communities, habitats, niches, and trophic levels |
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Term
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Definition
| The clean-up of pollution that is often a part of ecosystem restoration. Physical, chemical, or biological methods might be employed to remove or decontaminate an area and make it suitable for wildlife. |
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Term
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Definition
| The repair of natural habitats back to or close to their original state. This may include the reintroduction of native species in an attempt to reestablish community connections. The restoration not only improves ecological diversity, it also increases or helps maintian species diversity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Beyond providing goods, nature is a machince supporting everything we do, from providing the oxygen we need for survival to cleaning up our waste with filtering mechanisms. |
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Term
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Definition
| A law that protects the biodiversity in the U.S. |
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Term
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Definition
| A species that is naturally located in one area or location in the world and nowhere else. |
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Term
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Definition
| species that is extinct and one area but may have individuals in another area |
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Term
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Definition
| The heritable variation among individuals of a single population or within the species as a whole |
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Term
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Definition
| An object's or species' worth, based on its usefulness to humans |
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Term
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Definition
| object's worth based on its inherent right to existence |
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Term
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Definition
| Using the organic and inorganic materials from dead and decomposing organisms to support new life. |
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Term
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Definition
| Converting light energy to the chemical energy that can be stored and used by living organisms. |
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Term
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Definition
| Insects, birds, mammals, and other organisms provide a mechanism for distribution of critical genetic diversity and generation of grasses, herbs, and other plants. |
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Term
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Definition
| Competition and predation maintain balance of organisms while helping maintain diversity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Protected areas that have been set aside and that limit human impact and provide sanctuaries for wildlife. These may be public areas such as national parks or forests, and may be founded by ecotourism or debt-for-nature swaps. |
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Term
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Definition
| variety of species including how many and their abundance |
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Term
| Species Survival Plan (SSP) |
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Definition
| A program developed by the association of Zoos and Aquariums that include captive breeding plans to selectively breed individuals and maximize genetic diversity. The ultimate goal is to release individuals back into the wild to build up wild populations. |
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Term
| Types of ecosystem services |
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Definition
| photosynthetic organisms, purification, natural predation. |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of how a given ecosystem function |
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Term
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Definition
| species that is vulnerable to ecosystem perturbations |
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Term
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Definition
| linear path that shows what eats what |
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Term
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Definition
| shows connected food chains in a community |
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Term
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Definition
| consumers that eat dead organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| organisms like bacteria that break down decomposiing organic matter |
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Term
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Definition
| species that impacts its community more than its mere abundance would predict |
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Term
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Definition
| a close biological or ecological relationship between two species |
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Term
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Definition
| a symbiotic relationship between individuals of two species in which both parties benefit |
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Term
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Definition
| Species interactionin which individuals aer vying for limited resource |
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Term
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Definition
| Feeding levels in a food web in which 10 percent of energy is passed up during each level of consumption |
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Term
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Definition
| from bottom to top are- Producers-Primary consumers-Secondary consumers-tertiary consumers - Quaternary consumers |
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Term
| Measuring Species Diversity |
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Definition
| the two ways to measure this is by 1. species richness and 2 species evenness |
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Term
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Definition
| When different species use different parts or aspects of a resource rather than competing directly for exactly the same resource |
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Term
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Definition
| the science that deals with the repair of damaged or disturbed ecosystems and getting them back to operating conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of all the populations (plants, animals, and other species) living & interacting in an area |
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Term
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Definition
| The species that are particularly vunerable to ecosystem pertubations, and that, when we monitor them, can give us advance warning of a problem |
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Term
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Definition
| All of the organisms in a given area plus the physical enviornment in which they interact |
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Term
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Definition
| A simple, linear path starting with a plant (or other photosynthetic organisms) that identifies what each organism in the path eats. |
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Term
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Definition
| A linkage of all the food chains together that shows the many connections in the community. |
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Term
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Definition
| A photosynthetic organism that captures solar energy directly and uses it to produce its own food (energy) |
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Term
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Definition
| An organism that eats other organisms to gain energy and nutrients; includes animals, fungi, most bacteria. |
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Term
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Definition
| Feeding levels in a food chain. |
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Term
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Definition
| consumers (including worms, insects, crabs, etc) who eat dead organic material. |
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Term
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Definition
| Organisms such as bacteria and fungi that brean down organic matter all the way down to constituent atoms or molecules in a form that plants can take back up. |
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Term
| Gross Primary Productivity |
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Definition
| A measure of the total amount of energy captured via photosynthesis and transferred to organic molecules in an ecosystem |
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Term
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Definition
| A measure of th amount of energy captured via photosynthesis and actually stored in the photosynthetic organism. |
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Term
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Definition
| The role a species plays in the community, including things like how it gets its energy and nutrients, what habitat requirements it has, and which other species and parts of the ecosystem it interacts with. |
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Term
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Definition
| The physical enviornment in which individuals of a particular species can be found. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability of an ecosystem to recover when it si damaged or perturbed. |
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Term
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Definition
| The variety of species in an area; includes measures of species richness and evenness. |
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Term
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Definition
| The toal number of different species in a community. |
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Term
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Definition
| The relative abundance of each species in a community. |
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Term
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Definition
| Regions of distinctly different physical areas that serve as boundaries between different communities. |
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Term
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Definition
| The different physical makeup of the ecotone which creates different conditions which either attract or repel a certain species. |
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Term
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Definition
| Species that prefer to live close to the edges of two different habitats (ecotone areas) |
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Term
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Definition
| Species that prefer core areas of a habitat- areas deep within the habitat, away from the edge. |
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Term
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Definition
| A species that impacts its community more than its mere abundance would predict. |
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Term
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Definition
| Species interaction in which individuals are vying for limited resources. |
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Term
| Intraspecific Competition |
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Definition
| Competition between members of the same species. |
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Term
| Interspecific Competition |
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Definition
| Competition between individuals of different species. |
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Term
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Definition
| When different species use different parts or aspects of a resource, rather than competing directly for exactly the same resource. |
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Term
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Definition
| A close biological or ecological relationship between two species. |
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Term
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Definition
| A symbiotic relationship between individuals of two species in which both parties benefit. |
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Term
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Definition
| A symbiotic relationship between individuals of two species in which one benefits from the presence of the other but the other in unaffected. |
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Term
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Definition
| A symbiotic relationship between individuals of two species in which one benefits and the other is negatively affected. |
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Term
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Definition
| The science that deals with the repair of damaged or disturbed ecosystems. |
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Term
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Definition
| Progressive replacement of plant (and then animal) species in a community over time due to the changing conditions that the plants themselves create (more soil, shade, etc.) |
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Term
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Definition
| Ecological succession that occures in an area where no ecosystem existed before (for example, on bare rock with no soil). |
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Term
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Definition
| Plant Species that move into an area during early stages of succession; these are often r species and may be annuals, species that live on year, leave behind seeds, then die. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ecological succession that occurs in an ecosystem that has been disturbed; occurs more quickly than primary succession because soil is present. |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of all the populations (including plants, animals, and other species) living and interacting in an area. |
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Term
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Definition
| A simple, linear path starting with a plant (or other photosynthetic organism) that identifies what each organism in the path eats. |
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Term
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Definition
| A linkage of all the food chains together that show the many connections in the community. |
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Term
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Definition
| the physical environment in which individuals of a particular species can be found. |
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Term
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Definition
| Regions of distinctly different physical areas that serve as boundaries between different communities. |
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Term
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Definition
| The varitey of species in an area: measured through species richness and species evenness. |
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Term
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Definition
| A species that impacts its community more then its mere abundance would predict. |
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Term
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Definition
| When different species use different parts or aspects of a resource, rather than competing for the same resource. |
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Term
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Definition
| The science that deals with the repair of damaged or disturbed ecosystems. |
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Term
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Definition
| Progressive replacement of plant (and then animal)species in a community over time due to the changing conditions that the plants themselves create. |
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Term
| Human Alterations Affect Environment |
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Definition
| When humans dig up land, drain swamps, litter, use up natural resources, and alter parts of an ecosystem, it really poorly affects the environment. It kills species and takes away their homes. |
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Term
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Definition
| In an ecosystem, matter and energy move through a community via food web, which is made up of food chains. |
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Term
| Factors In The Environment |
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Definition
| The environemt contains biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors. Things like plants, and animals are biotic, while rocks and dirt are abiotic. |
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Term
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Definition
| A Measure of the number of species at each trophic level, as well as the total number of trophic levels and available niches. |
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Term
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Definition
| Species interactions are so important for community viability. Communitites are all about relationships. Successful communities have balance between all the organisms living there. |
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Term
| minimum viable population |
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Definition
| the smallest number a population can have and still have long-term survival rates |
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Term
| A variety of factors affect population growth |
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Definition
| Factors such as distribution, genetic diversity, initial population size, and density influence the size, and populations in certain populations. |
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Term
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Definition
| The maximum rae at which the population can grow due to births if each member of the population survives and reprduces |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of births per 1,000 individuals per year |
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Term
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Definition
| fluctuations in population size |
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Term
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Definition
| Fluctuations in a population size that produce a very large population followed by a crash that lowers the population size drastically followed again by an increase to a larger size and subsequent crash |
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Term
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Definition
| the population size that an environment can support without damage to the environment |
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Term
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Definition
| individuas are found in groups or patches within the habitat |
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Term
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Definition
| Individuals are found in groups or patches within the habitat |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the number of deaths per 1,000 individuals per year |
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Term
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Definition
| The number of deaths per 1,000 individuals per year |
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Term
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Definition
| predation or disease. Impact on population increases as population size goes up |
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Term
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Definition
| storm or avalanche. Size of population isnt relevent. |
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Term
| Environmental impact statement |
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Definition
| An evaluation of the positive and negative impacts of a prooposed environmental action, including alternative actionn that could be pursued |
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Term
| Environmental Impact Statement |
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Definition
| evaluation of positive and negitive impacts of a proposed environmental action |
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Term
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Definition
| population size becomes progressively larger each breeding cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| Local extinction of a species |
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Term
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Definition
| Humans have destroyed habitat for species to use for farming or the holding of livestock |
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Term
| Minimum viable population |
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Definition
| The smallest number of individuals that would still allow a populatin to be abel to persist or grow, ensuring long-term survival |
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Term
| Minimum Viable Population |
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Definition
| smallest number of individuals that would still allow a population to be able to persist or grow, ensuring long-term survival |
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Term
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Definition
| The location and spacing of individuals |
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Term
| Populaitons display various patterns of growth |
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Definition
| Scientists can use simpe mathematical models such as population growth rate (birth rate minus the death rate) to describe population growth over time |
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Term
| Populatino interaction s with bitoic and abiotic factors |
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Definition
| Understandin how wolf populations interact with biotic and abiotc forces in their environment is key to preventing this vital species rom disspearing fromm the park and the country forever. |
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Term
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Definition
| All individuals of a species live in the same area |
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Term
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Definition
| The number of individuals per unit area |
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Term
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Definition
| location and spacing of individuals within their range |
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Term
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Definition
| The changes over time of population size and composition |
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Term
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Definition
| the change in population size over time |
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Term
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Definition
| The number of a species in any particular are |
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Term
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Definition
| Population Stability depends on the number of predetors in the are and is how stable the poplulation remains over time |
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Term
| Populations fluctuate in size and have varied distributions |
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Definition
| Every population has a "minimum viable population". An important concept that scientist have to consider when they are trying to conserve endangered or threatened species. |
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Term
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Definition
| Some individuals are like wind blown seed that wind up in random places they may not belong. |
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Term
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Definition
| How quickly a population can potentially increase, reflecting the biology of the species |
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Term
| The loss of the wol emphasized the importane of an ecosystems top predator |
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Definition
| Many opulations of animals other than wolves are declining worldwide because of human impact. Factors such as habitat loss, predator removal, and introduciton to non-native species conribute to the decline. |
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Term
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Definition
| species that are spread out evenly due to territorial behavior or something that surpresses its growth. |
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