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The hypothesis that the Earth’s geologic
features formed from sudden, short-lived,
violent events |
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– The physical, chemical, and
biological laws that operate today
operated in the geologic past
– Processes active today are
responsible for geologic features |
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“father of
modern geology”
» 18th Century Scottish physician
» Carefully observed geologic
features and natural processes Developed Uniformitarianism |
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| places the rock record within a sequence of events |
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in undeformed strata:
»Attributed to Nicolaus Steno, Danish anatomist, geologist, and priest (1638-1696)
»Lowest unit oldest
»Units become younger upward |
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| principal of original horizontal |
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»Strata generally deposited horizontally
»Tilting post-dates deposition |
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| The geologic feature that cuts across or penetrates another rock body must be younger than the rock unit it penetrates |
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| Older than the rock in which they are included |
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| erosion surfaces in within a sequence of parallel beds |
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| unconformity between older igneous or metamorphic rocks and younger strata |
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(1769-1839)
English engineer and geologist
Father of Stratigraphy
First geologic map |
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