Term
| Primary fxn of reticular formation |
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Definition
| release neuromodulators that regulate activity throughout nervous system |
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Term
| Common characteristics of reticular nuclei |
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Definition
small # of neurons (1000s)
arise from brainstem
each neuron influences many others (>100k)
release neuromodulators into ECF >> diffuse to many neurons |
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Term
| Affect: ascending fibers to cortex (5) |
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Definition
alertness
memory
mood
motivation
emotion |
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Term
| Affect: descending fibers (3) |
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Definition
motor control (LMNs for postural control)
metabolic states (autonomic fxn at lateral horns)
pain control |
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Term
| Major reticular nuclei (4) |
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Definition
ventral tegmental area
pedunculopontine nucleus
raphe nuclei
locus ceruleus & medial reticular area |
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Term
| Ventral tegmental area: neuromodulator |
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Definition
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Term
| Ventral tegmental area: projects to... (3) |
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Definition
areas of decision making, motivation, REWARD
prefrontal cortex
hippocampus/amygdala |
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Term
| Pedunculopontine nuclei: neuromodulator |
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Definition
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Term
| Pedunculopontine nuclei: influence... |
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Definition
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Term
| Pedunculopontine nuclei: ascending projections (4) |
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Definition
thalamus
frontal cerebral cortex
limbic areas
cerebellum |
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Term
| Pedunculopontine nuclei: descending projections (1) |
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Definition
| reticular areas >> reticulospinal tracts (antigravity mm) |
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Term
| Raphe nuclei: neuromodulator |
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Definition
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Term
| Raphe nuclei: ascending projections (1) |
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Definition
| throughout brain, affecting arousal levels |
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Term
| Raphe nuclei: descending projections (3) |
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Definition
sensory: pain inhibition at interneurons in dorsal horn
motor: nonspecific activation of interneurons/LMNs in ant horn
autonomic: influence cardiovascular fxn at lateral horn |
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Term
| Locus ceruleus, Medial reticular zone: neuromodulator |
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Definition
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Term
| Locus ceruleus, Medial reticular zone: ascending projections (1) |
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Definition
throughout brain, affecting attention/arousal/sleep cycles;
makes cortex more responsive to sensory stimuli |
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Term
| Locus ceruleus, Medial reticular zone: descending projections (ceruleospinal tract (4) |
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Definition
MOTOR: nonspecific activation of interneurons and LMNs
SENSORY: inhibition of spinothalamic neurons carrying pain
AUTONOMIC: control respiratory, visceral, cardiovascular fxn (at brainstem nuclei, hypothalamus, lateral horns)
CEREBELLUM: believed to enhance motor learning by incr activity of neurotransmitters involved |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Major areas required for consciousness (3) |
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Definition
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Term
| Decorticate posturing caused by... |
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Definition
disruption of corticospinal tracts ABOVE red nucleus
>> disinhibition of red nucleus >> UE flex
>> disruption of lateral corticospinal tract >> decr flexor stim to LEs |
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Term
| Decorticate posturing: best GCS motor score |
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Definition
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Term
| Decrebrate posturing caused by... |
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Definition
| lesion of brainstem BELOW red nucleus |
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Term
| Progression from decorticate to decerebrate posturing usually suggests... |
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Definition
| uncal/tonsilar brain herniation |
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