BASIC

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Parthenon

Acropolis of Athens, Greece

447-432 BC

By Iktinos and Kallikrates

Sculptor: Pheidias

Patron: Perikles

  Doric Frieze on outside

-N (trojans) E (giants) S (Centaurs) W (amazons)

 Ionic Frieze on inside

-panathenaic procession

 Pediment:

-E: birth of Athena

-W: contest between Athena and Poseidon

BASIC

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Temple of Athena Nike

Acropolis of Athens, Greece

 425 BC

 Maybe built by Kallikrates

Ionic Columns

Freize also continuous

Amphiprostyle (columns in both back and front porch)

Relief Scultpure, flute, base, volute

Ashlar Masonry

Trabeated (horizontal beams + no arches)

Basic

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Erectheion

 Acropolis of Athens, Greece

 421 BC

 Temple of Athena Polias

Ionic Columns

Pediment: had sculpture put in with dowels

Prostyle on east side

Trabeated (horizontal beams and no arches)

Non-peripteral

Caryatids

Asymmetric b/c off religious shrines that couldn't be disturbed 

BASIC

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Epidauros

Theater

Acropolis of Athens, Greece

350-100 BC

 Maybe designed by Polykleitos

Orchestra: dance floor

Theatron: seating

Skene: backdrop/tent behind orchestra

-built into hill side (different than romans who did freestanding)

Basic

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Stoa of Attalus II

Agora in Athens

Hellenistic Greece

2nd century BC

Patron: Attalus II=king of pergamum

2 rows of collonades

doric exterior

ionic interior and second story

pergamene capitals

sima-gutter

waterspout-lions

alumni gift to athenian people

roof made out of terracotta tiles

Lysikrates Monument in Athens

335 BC

Choragic Monument (freestanding monument on display for prize won)

Patron: Choregos Lysicrates

Porta August or Arch of Augustus

In Perugia, Italy by Romans

after 310 BC

Vault

-Voussoir

centering

ashlar

etruscan

springing (the part where the arch begins)

Pont Du Gard

Nimes, France

Built by Romans (aqueduct)

20-16 BC

Arch, voussoir, centering, springing, jamb, keystone, opus quadratum (cut-stone blocks in regular courses)

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Sanctuary of Fortuna

@ Palestrina (Praeneste) near Rome

2nd-1st century BC

Opus Incertum (irregular stone inserted into cement core)

Stucco- decorative coating->covers brick/cement

Coffers-ceiling has decorative panels

Hemicycle: half barrel vault supported by a wall and a collonnade

-Concrete core with stone face

Basilica Upia

(in the Forum of Trajan)

@ Rome in 100-114 CE

Main Market/assembly place

Architect: Apollodorus of Damascus

Patron: Upia Family

Equestrian

2 Apses on each side

Exedra: semicircular recess with semi-dome

Veneer: external layer in masonry

Collonnade, temple, forum, hemicycle 

Basilica of constantine and Maxentius

(aka Basilica Nova)

Rome in 307 CE

Concrete ceiling and concrete/brick walls

Barrel vault in aisles

In Apse: colossal statue of constantine

Coffer: recessed coffers in shape of octogon

not traveated but arucuated

clerestory and fenetsration above groin vaults for lighting

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Temple of Portunus

aka Fortuna Virilis

in Rome- 2nd century BC

Ionic columns

pseudo peripteral 

engaged columns and freestanding columns in portico

stucco

podium

deep pronaos

Maison Carree

Nimes, France

10 CE

Corinthian Capital

Pseudo-peripteral

engaged columns

podium instead of all around stairs

deep pronaos

Pantheon in Rome

118 CE

Architect: maybe Hadrian or Apollodorus

Patron: Hadrian

Corinthian Columsn with monolithic shafts

ARchitrave: "Marcus Agrippa Made it"

Deep Pronaos

Cella: rotunda (interior space capped by a huge dome ceiling)

Tension Rings

Brick stamps

Niche (where they put idols)

Attic, coffers, oculus, veneer, concrete, dome, pumice

Amphitheater at Pompeii, Italy

80 BCE

-Near Mt Vesuvius

-Gladiator

-arena (resting on ground)

-cavea (seating)

-need barrel vault to support cavea

velarium: awning/sales extended over stadium to shade

Colosseum

Rome

80 CE

Amphitheater

Patron: Vespasian (then Titus then domitian)

Engaged Columns, pilaster, arches, velarium (retractable roof), concrete (upper half), barrel vault, radial vault, and annular vault. 

Travertine stone

Volcanic Tuff

Hypogeum (under floor where gladiator pop up in arena)

-Cavea-seating

Arch of Constantine

Rome Near Colosseum

315 CE

Triumph of contantine over Maxentius @ Milvian Bridge

Patron: Roman Senate

Spandrel: space between two arches or between arch and rectangular space

Corinthian columns

Relief Sculpture

Recycling from Hadrian Time period

barrel vault

Old St. Peter's

Rome in 318 CE

Patron: Constantine

Apse (circle)

Nave (middle)

Aisle (between collonnades)

Narthex (outside of Atrium)

Atrium (courtyard for not baptized)

Matyrium: burial site of St. Peter

St. Appollinare Nuovo Church

in Ravenna in 490 CE

From left to right

Mosaic: female saint, miracles, passion of christ, male saints

Transept: separates the nave from the sanctuary/apse

Arcade: succession of arches

Church of Costanza

Rome in 350 CE

Constantine's daughter's mausoleum (constantia)

Central Plan

Ambulatory (place for walking)

domed roof, clerestory, mosaic, arcade w/ 12 columsn, composite capital (corinthian + capital)

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Mausoleum of Galla Placidia

Ravenna

425 CE

Blind Arch

Cruciform

Pendentive

Mosaic

of good shephed w/ halo

-barrel vaulted arms

Hagia Sophia

in Istanbul by Early Byzantine

532 CE

Church to rival temple of solomon

Architects: anthemius and isidorus

Patron: justinian and theodora

-Domed Basilica, narthex, nave, aisle, apse, pier, minaret (tall spire with onion shape/spiral), buttress, pendentives, theotokos (mother of jesus), iconoclasm (religious icons), mosaic

Difference between Temple of Apollo at Bassai and normal greek doric temple

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-aligned North south (normal is east)

-Architect: Iktinos

-6x15 columns (normal is 6x13)

no curved floor but columns have entasis

-has all three orders in columns

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Orthodox Baptistery

Revenna in 458 CE

Octagonal Plan

8 as a symbol of regeneration

blind arches

Interior is niched octagon

Dome shaps baptism of christ, surrounded by 12 apostles

Basic Unit= taberna

concrete with brick facade 

shops, etc.

Baths of Diocletian

298 CE

Rome

Freestanding corinthian columns

thermal windows

Hypocaust: heating provided by furnaces beneath the floor

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Theater of Marcellus

First permanent theater (built of stone) in Rome

b/c it doesnt have hills like Greek theaters, it uses vaults

concrete interior and stone exterior