Term
| Cardiac development occurs betwenn embryonic weeks __ to ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| the heart begins contracting around week ___ during embryonic development |
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Definition
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Term
| The foramen ovale normally flows in what direction for the fetus |
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Definition
| Right to left. IT bypasses the lungs which are obviously not used while the babe surrounded by fluid |
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Term
| what percentage of people may have a degree of a PFO |
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Definition
| 20-30% may have PFO and not know it |
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Term
| What is a concern for the clinican with PFO |
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Definition
1. venous air embolism!! HENCE WHY CARDIAC PATIENTS WILL HAVE AIR FILTERS ON THEIR IVS
2. Small shunt created by oxygen poor blood going to the systemic system |
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Term
| what is hte name for the connection between oxygen rich blood from the placenta and the inferior vena cava of the fetus |
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Definition
| ductus venosus. B/c remember one large vein supplies oxygen rich blood. |
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Term
| what duct diverts blood from the pulmonary arteries to the aorta |
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Definition
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Term
| at the ductus venosus blood has two routes |
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Definition
1. To heart via the Inferior vena cava (Primary)
2. Liver |
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Term
| What is the fetus SVR and PVR |
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Definition
Low SVR (
High PVR (Lungs closed so increase resistance also from hypoxic vasoconstriction) |
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Term
| complete anatomical closure of the foramen ovale is when |
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Definition
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Term
| The ductus arteriosus closes when |
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Definition
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Term
| what physiological changes close the foramen ovale |
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Definition
| When the baby breaths (O2=dilation + air to lungs causes decrease PVR) and the umbilical cord is cut (large drainage via umbilical cord is lost = Increase SVR) results in a substantial decrease in pressure in the right heart while increase pressure against left heart. So blood favors going from right atrium to right ventricle and then lungs. Foramen ovale closes shut as blood is pressurized from left heart and it wants to go to the right heart too. |
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Term
| ductus venousus closes when |
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Definition
| 7 days as a result of umbilical cord clamping. |
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Term
| Trisomy 13 and ___ associated with heart defects |
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Definition
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Term
| the majority of heart defects have well defined causes |
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Definition
| FALSE only 10% have known etiology |
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Term
| down syndrome is trisomy___ |
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Definition
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Term
| LIst some risk factors for heart defects |
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Definition
1. Mom > 40
2. Rubella
3. Coxsackie virus
4. Herpes
5. diabetes
6. Trisomy 13, 18, 21 |
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Term
| name drugs which put fetus at high risk for heart defects |
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Definition
1. dilantin
2. warfarin
3. alcohol
4. thalidamine
5. lithium
6. aphetamines |
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Term
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Definition
1. tetrology of fallot
2. tricuspid atresia |
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Term
| long term cynosis results in what physical assessment of the hands |
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Definition
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Term
| what heart defects require a patent ductus arteriosus |
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Definition
1. tetralogy of fallot
2. tricupsid atresia
3. pulmonic atresia or stenosis
4. transposition of the great arteries |
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Term
| what drug do you give to a baby who's ductus arteriosus hasn't closed |
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Definition
| A drug that inhibits prostacyclin. So give indomethacin if resp distress. |
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Term
| what defect results in pulmonary htn |
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Definition
| atrial septal defects where flow goes from left to right. That then results in right ventricle hypertrophy |
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Term
| VSD is usually what kind of shunt |
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Definition
| usually left to right but if you over ventilate a patient it can switch to a R to left shunt. |
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Term
| which heart defect has a VSD shunt that is very variable.. |
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Definition
| Tetrology of fallot. Hence why when PVR > SVR patients have Sx and then squat down (Tet Spell) to increaser PVR and blood volume to favor flow to lungs for oxygenation and not aorta. |
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Term
| what happens during a tet spell? |
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Definition
| A kid with tetralogy of fallot will squat in order to increase their SVR to help increase blood shunt to the right and then to lungs for more oxygenation. |
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Term
| what is marfan's syndrome |
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Definition
| A genetic disorder that effects the body's connective tissue. More specifically there is a defect in the protein fibrillin 1 |
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Term
| Describe what to look for when assessing patients for marfan's syndrome |
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Definition
1. enlarged Aorta
2. long arms/legs
3. tall and thin body
4. overly flexible joints
5. stretched marks on skin unrelated to weight
6. crowded teeth
7. visual problems |
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Term
heart defect..
1. most common
2. second most common
3. Third most common
4. Fourth most common |
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Definition
1. most common - VSD
2.
3.
4. Fourth most common ASD |
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Term
| what percentage of down syndrome will get heart defect |
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Definition
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Term
| what percentage of births each year have heat defects |
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Definition
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