Term
| True Karyotic meaning true nucleus is which type of living cell group? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Before nucleus is which type of category of cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Give an example of a prokaryote. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What provides discrete compartments for specific cellular activities to occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What allows large eukaryotic cells to function efficiently by allowing reaction to occur in a small sequestered area? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a region, a location in the nucleus where nondividing cells in which rDNA genes accumulate and are rapidly and essentially continuously transcribed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Genes that code for rRNA and the regions of chromosomes where they lie are called what? |
|
Definition
| NOR- Nucleolus Organizer Regions |
|
|
Term
| What else could NOR be called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What describes when DNA is involved with protein, wound around histones? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many histones make up a nucleosome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are cytoplasmic organelles that carry out the process of translation called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are ribosomes assembled? |
|
Definition
| in the nucleolus or cytoplasm |
|
|
Term
| What are ribosomes composed of? |
|
Definition
| ribosomal proteins and rRNAs |
|
|
Term
| How many ribosomes can be produced per minute in a actively growing cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of cell (organ specific) has a few million ribosomes per cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the composition of ribosomes? |
|
Definition
| They are dimers of two hetero-subunits |
|
|
Term
| Describe the two subunits ribosomes have. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Describe the svedburg units (s) of a eukaryotic mammalian ribosome...
And its small subunit and its large |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many proteins make up the small subunit? |
|
Definition
| 30-35 proteins and 18s rRNA |
|
|
Term
| How many proteins make up the large subunit? |
|
Definition
| 45-50 proteins and 5s, 5.8s, 28s rRNAs |
|
|
Term
| Which type if RNA is species specific? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antibiotics such as streptomycin and tetracycline work by inhibiting what? |
|
Definition
| Prokaryotic ribosomes 70s |
|
|
Term
| What is the term to describe lightly packed form of chromatin that can be transcribed...examples include DNA, RNA and prtoen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What term describes tightly packed form of DNA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| it works by targeting the ribosomes of bacteria |
|
|
Term
| Where in the cytoplasm are ribosomes targeted? |
|
Definition
| Free-floating or bound ribosomes |
|
|
Term
| Proteins made by free ribosomes will function where? |
|
Definition
| in the cytosol or peroxisomes |
|
|
Term
| Where can free floating ribosomes be found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where can bound ribosomes be found? |
|
Definition
| tethered to the outside surface of the rough endoplasmic reticlulum |
|
|
Term
| If a protein is translated and remains free floating in the cytoplasm it may be incorporated into one of which organelles? |
|
Definition
| Nucleus, Mitochondria, Chloroplast, Peroxisome |
|
|
Term
| If a protein is translated and becomes tethered at the rER there are different sets of final location..where are they? |
|
Definition
| rER, sER, Golgi, lysosome, plasma membrane, secreted from cell |
|
|
Term
| What are the final locations of a polypeptide that is cotranslated into rER? |
|
Definition
| Secretory vesicle, lysosome, or plasma membrane |
|
|
Term
| If a polypeptide is not cotranslated into the rER where will it end up? |
|
Definition
| Nucleus, Mitochondria, Chloroplast, perixosome, stays in cytosol |
|
|
Term
Proteins bind to ....
Enzymes bind to.... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| GTPases Activating Protein |
|
|
Term
| Which organelle is defined by having a double membrane, nuclear pores, nucleoplasm, nuclear envelope, and cytoplasm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| NPC sits within a nuclear pore, it transports protein complexes into the nucleus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nuclear Localization Signal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pro-Pro-Lys-LyspArg-Lys-Val |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Its a domain that says "take me into the nucleus" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which GTPase has an affinity for importin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organelle is an extensive membrane network of tubules and folded pouches termed cisternae? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the ER the internal lumen is termed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the two distinct regions of the ER |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why does the smooth er appear smooth? |
|
Definition
| because it lacks cytoplasmic surface ribosomes |
|
|
Term
| Name the four functions smooth ER has |
|
Definition
1. Synthesizes lipids, phospholipids, and steroids
2. Participates in carb metabolism
3. Detoxification
4. Stores Ca |
|
|
Term
| Cells that produce and secrete lipids are rich in what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 3 cytoplasmic precursors of phospholipids? |
|
Definition
| Fatty acyl CoA, glycerol 3 phosphate and polar head groups |
|
|
Term
| What are nonspecific flippases proteins that move phospholipids from one face of the membrane to the other are called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ER found in which organ contains an enzyme that catalyzes the final step in the conversion of glycogen to glucose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do enzymes do to drugs and toxins to get rid of them? |
|
Definition
| In the liver, enzymes in the ER detoxify drugs and poisons by catalyzing the addition of hydroxyl groups to drugs and poisons making them aqueous soluble so they may be excreted from the body in urine |
|
|
Term
| In a muscle cell, sER is referred to as ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ERs role in protein processing and sorting was demonstrated by who's experiment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Order of the secretory pathway.. |
|
Definition
| rER>>transport vesicles>> Golgi>> Secretory vesicles >> cell exterior |
|
|
Term
| How will a ribosome know whether to be bound to the ER or be free floating? |
|
Definition
| Due to the signal hypothesis it was determined that a signal sequence needed to be near the N-terminus end of the polypeptide to be bound to the ER. without it, it will remain free floating |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Signal Recognition Particle |
|
|
Term
| After binding to the signal sequence on a polypeptide SRP can bind to what? ANd what will stabilize this reaction? |
|
Definition
It's SRP receptor
To stabilize the ribosome will bind to a ribosome receptor |
|
|
Term
| What makes up the translocon |
|
Definition
| SRP receptor, pore protein, and Signal peptidase |
|
|
