Term
| MHC was initially defined as being associated with |
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Definition
| rejection of foreign or non-self grafts or organs |
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Term
| Which class of MHC codes for complement proteins |
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Definition
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Term
| which MHC class are membrane glycoproteins |
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Definition
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Term
| Which MHC class are soluble proteins |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Major Histocompatibilty Complex? (Give a general description) |
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Definition
| a set of cell surface molecules encoded by a large gene family which controls a major part of the immune system |
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Term
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Definition
1. bind to peptide fragments and display them on cell surface for recognition by T cells
2. Mediate interactions of leukocytes
3. Determines the compatibility of donors for organ transplant
4. Determines susceptibility to an autoimmune disease |
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Term
| in humans MHC is also called |
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Definition
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Term
| In the mouse, MHC is also called |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the two mouse H-2 class I genes |
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Definition
1. classical class I MHC
2. Nonclassical I MHC |
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Term
| Human MHC classical Class I has what genes? Mouse MHC Classical Class I has what genes? |
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Definition
Human MHC CLass I classical: A,B,C
Mouse MHC Class I Classical: K and D |
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Term
| highest # of MHC Class I molecules found where in body |
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Definition
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Term
| MHC I molecules are ____ expressed on nucleated cells which means those cells express MHC I of one or both parents equally or unequally? |
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Definition
| MHC Molecules are CO-DOMINANTLY EXPRESSED therefore express MHC I of both parents |
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Term
| how many different class I MHC molecules can a person exhibit |
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Definition
| 6 different class I MCH Molecules (3x from each parent) |
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Term
| Expression of MHC I increased by? 3x |
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Definition
1. IFN-Alpha, beta, gamma
2. TNF Alpha |
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Term
| Expression of MHC I decreased on what cells |
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Definition
| tumor cells and virus infected cells. |
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Term
| what is the structure of classic MHC Class I molecules |
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Definition
| glycoprotein Alpha chain and associated Beta 2 microglobulin of the Ig Superfamily |
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Term
| How many regions are in the MHC I alpha glycoprotein |
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Definition
| 3 regions. A1,2 are the variable amino acid sequence A3 is the constant amino acid |
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Term
| where is the Ag peptide binding site on the MHC I? How about MHC II? |
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Definition
MHC I: between the alpha 1 and alpha 2 regions of the alpha chain. Which if you remember is the variable part of the MHC I
MHC II: Is between Alpha 1 and Beta1. This is the variable region of the MHC II |
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Term
| MHC I Complexes have binding sites which can only bind to peptides that are _____ amino acids long |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the antigen binding site on Ab or MHC more specific |
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Definition
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Term
| Does antibody or MHC completely encloses the antigen |
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Definition
| MHC I completely encloses the Ag. Remember it only accepts small amino acid lengths 8-10 long. MHC II excepts larger Ag that are 13-18 amino acids and therefore it does not completely enclose the Ag |
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Term
| MHC I binds to what kind of Ag peptides |
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Definition
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Term
| what cells can bind to the A2 and A3 portions of the MHC I |
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Definition
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Term
| CD 8 T cells can bind to what portions of the MHC I cell |
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Definition
1. A2 and A3 2. Beta2 microglobulin
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Term
| the beta 2 microglobulin is attached to what porition of the MHC I with what bonds? |
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Definition
| to A3 portion by noncovalent bonds |
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Term
| Do mice and humans have the same genetic coding for the Beta 2 microglobulin? |
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Definition
| NO. The coding for the microglobulin is from a different chromosome on humans than it is on mice. |
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Term
| Which MHC needs the beta2 microglobulin the most |
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Definition
| MHC I needs it or it wont work |
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Term
| Why MHC important for T cell differentation in thymus |
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Definition
| If t cell recognizes self MHC and self peptides then the would result in self destruction. These T cells are eliminated. Only mature T cells that recognize self from pathogen are allowed to continue |
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Term
| are there more kinds of class I or Class II MHC alleles |
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Definition
More kinds of class II MHC Alleles
MHC I: 6 alleles variations
MHC II: 12 allele variations |
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Term
| CD4 binds to what part of the MHC II |
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Definition
| the pocket created by alpha 2 and beta 2 |
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Term
| when MHC expression on host cells are low it results in stimulating NK cells to do what |
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Definition
| NK cells will kill host cell with low MHC Class I expresssion b/c this indicates dysfunction in the cell (Innate immune response) |
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Term
| MHC Class ? Is most often found on professional antigen presenting cells such as? 3x |
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Definition
1. macrophages
2. B cells
3. Dendritic cells |
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Term
| MHC Class I occurs on all ___ Cells |
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Definition
| nucleated cells (all cells but red blood cells) |
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Term
| What is the role of MHC during transplant rejection |
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Definition
| The MHC molecules act themselves as ANTIGENSand provoke immune responses in the recipient |
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Term
| MHC alleles are expressed in ___ fashion. Which means? |
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Definition
| codominant which means the alleles (Variants) inherited from both parents are Expressed EQUALLY |
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Term
| MHC genes are so highly polymorphic that no two individuals will have exactly the same set of MHC molecules with the EXCEPTION of ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Diversity of MHC is not induced by recombination as is the case for antigen receptors, instead it is influenced by |
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Definition
| inheritance of different MHC molecules |
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Term
| what is the purpose of L LEader genes during recombination |
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Definition
| They are only there to lead gene segments into the endoplasmic reticulum for protein syntehsis and then they are removed. |
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Term
| What is at the edge of each V,J segment taht is used to help locate these segments for rearrangement |
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Definition
| RSS (Recombination signal sequences) |
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Term
| Rag 1 and Rag 2 are what? |
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Definition
| Are recombinase enzymes that seek out the RSS at teh end of each VJD segments and then cleaves them off. |
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Term
| A functional Kappa gene will consist of what rearranged components |
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Definition
EXTRA J gene segment so it goes like this:
Leader-intron-V-J segment-Intron-Jseg-C gene segement . |
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Term
| which chromosome codes for heavy chains |
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Definition
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Term
| some of the j segments of the kappa light chain are non-functional. what is the name for this |
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Definition
| pseudogene (1x segment is not functional) |
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Term
| in what part of the cell does the L and H chains combine |
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Definition
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Term
| human MHC is on what chromosome |
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Definition
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Term
| Are the genes that code for MHC I the same as for beta 2 microglobulin? |
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Definition
| FALSE. Gene for MHC I is #6 while for beta 2 microglobulin on MHC 1 is on chromosome 15. |
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Term
| MHC Restricted recongition involves MHC I or II |
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Definition
| MHC I and II. Only after T cell recognizes MHC I will it even look at the Ag that is on its binding site. |
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Term
| Name four targets of T cytotoxic Cells |
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Definition
1. virus infected cells 2. chemically modified cells 3. grafts/transplants 4. Tumor cells.
Remember T cytotoxic cells have CD8 on thier surface. And these cells recognize MHC I. MHC I binds preferentially to ENDOGENOUS Ag. Meaning pathogens that are already IN THE Cell. So it makes sense that If CD8 T cells only bind with MHC I /Ag complex then the type of cells it is trying to kill has been infected, deformed or is totally foreign (infected and foreign = virus and bacteria, deformed/broken = grafts/transplants and tumor cells. ) |
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Term
| the self regulatory process during T cell proliferation which prevents T cells from killing self involves the recongizing of self MHC I or II |
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Definition
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Term
| level of MHC on surface of cells depends on |
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Definition
1. state of development
2. state of exposure to Ag |
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Term
| polymorphism of MHC refers to what |
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Definition
| refers the # of possible alleles at each gene locus in humans |
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Term
| Class III HLA genes include |
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Definition
| (MHC III)1. C2, C4a, C4b, Bf, TNF |
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Term
| Two functions of MHC III molecules |
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Definition
1. complement system: C2, C4a, C4b, Bf
2. inflammation: TNF |
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Term
| are soluble proteins membrane bound |
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Definition
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Term
| Are MHC III structural similar to MHC I and II or just funcitonally similar? |
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Definition
| NEITHER. MHC III is neiter functionally or structural similar to MHC I or II. |
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Term
| non-peptides antigens are presented by? Give examples of nonpeptide antigens |
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Definition
| CD1 presents non-peptides such as lipids and glycoplipids |
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Term
| ___ is a nonclassical class II-like molecule |
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Definition
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