Term
| What are the names of the three complement pathways? |
|
Definition
Lecithin Pathway
Classical Pathway
Alternate Pathway |
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Term
| Where do the 3 complement pathways converge? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the recognition unit for each of the three complement pathways? |
|
Definition
Classical - C1
Lecithin - MBL binding to mannose groups of microbial carbohydrates
Alternate - bacteria/fungal cell walls |
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Term
| What chemical is required to stabilize the classical complement pathway? |
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Definition
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Term
| What chemical stabilizes the alternate complement pathway? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the component of the membrane attack complex and what is the end result? |
|
Definition
| C5-C9 and lysis of cell occurs |
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Term
| What is the definition of chemotaxis? |
|
Definition
| Induces migration of PMNs and monocytes to site of inflammation. |
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Term
| What term refers to the induction of migration of PMNs and monocytes to the site of inflammation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of opsonization and what causes it? |
|
Definition
| C3b and IgG form a layer around the cell which enhances phagocytosis by PMNs or monocytes |
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Term
| What term refers to the induction of histamine release which causes smooth muscle contraction and an increase in vascular permeability? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three anaphylatoxins and which is most effective? Least effective? |
|
Definition
| C3a, C4a (least effective), C5a (most potent) |
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Term
| What is the component recognized in chemotaxis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the major biological consequence for inflammation? |
|
Definition
| Can result in tissue damage |
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Term
| What is the consequence for having a deficiency in C2? |
|
Definition
| A lupus-like hereditary disease |
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|
Term
| What is the consequence for having a C3 deficiency? |
|
Definition
| Overwhelming severe infections |
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|
Term
| What is the consequence for having a C5-C8 deficiency? |
|
Definition
| Increased systemic Neisseria infection |
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Term
| In reference to cytokines, what is pleiotrophy> |
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Definition
| One cytokine has many different actions |
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|
Term
What type of cytokine does this describe
Can affect more than one cell type
Can have more than one kind of effect on the same cell
Can alter expression of numerous genes |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What are redundant cytokines? |
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Definition
| Different cytokines have similar effects |
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|
Term
What type of cytokine does this describe
Can activate same pathways and genes
Many share receptor subunits |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What are the 4 groups of cytokines? |
|
Definition
Colony Stimulating Factors (CSF)
Interferons (INF)
Tumor necrosis Factor (TNF)
Interleukins (IL) |
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|
Term
| What is the function of Ganulocyte CSF? |
|
Definition
| stimulate growth of mature granulocytes |
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|
Term
| What interferon is now used in tuberculosis testing? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which tumor necrosis factor is active against human tumor cell lines? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What are the many functions to TNF-alpha? |
|
Definition
| Kill tumor cell lines, secreted in response to gram negative bacteria, septic shock, mediates rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease |
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|
Term
| What is the major pro-inflammatory cytokine? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What are two functions for IL-1 |
|
Definition
| pro-inflammatory cytokine, initiates immune response |
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Term
| Which inflammatory cytokine is associated with acute inflammation? |
|
Definition
| pro-inflammatory cytokine aka TH1 |
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|
Term
| Which inflammatory cytokine is associated with chronic inflammation? |
|
Definition
| anti-inflammatory cytokine aka TH2 |
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|
Term
True or False
Th2 is often associated with autoimmune disease |
|
Definition
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|
Term
True or False
TH1 is associated with anti-bacterial activity |
|
Definition
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|
Term
True or False
Th2 is associated with anti-viral activity |
|
Definition
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|
Term
True or False
Asthma and allergies are associated with TH1 |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Describe the autoantibody action with hashimoto's thydroiditis? What is the name of it? |
|
Definition
Autoantibody destroys thyroid gland
antithyroglobulin abs |
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|
Term
| Describe the autoantibody action with Graves Disease? What is it called? |
|
Definition
Autoantibody binds to thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors and stimulates the production of thyroid hormone
TSHR-Ab |
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|
Term
| What are the two systemic autoimmune disorders discussed? |
|
Definition
| Lupus and Rheumatoid arthritis |
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|
Term
| Describe the antibodies associated with lupus? |
|
Definition
| Antibodies to nuclear antigens "antinuclear antibody" |
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|
Term
| What is an example of a primary immunodeficiency? What is the treatment? |
|
Definition
| SCID and the treatment is bone marrow transplant |
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|
Term
| What type of disease is leukemia and lymphoma? |
|
Definition
| Secondary immunodeficiency |
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|
Term
| What antigens present the biggest problem during transplantation? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Is graft rejection AB mediated or T-cell mediated |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| All organ and tissue transplants experience what type of transplant rejection? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What would experience a graft vs host transplant failure? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which TAA is associated with prostate cancer? |
|
Definition
| Prostate specific antigen (PSA) |
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|
Term
| What are oncofetal Ags? What are two examples? |
|
Definition
Tumor associated antigens (TAA's) which lack differentiation
Alphafetoprotein (AFP)
Carcinoembryonic Ag (CEA) |
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|
Term
| What tissue marker would one use to detect carcinoma's? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What tissue marker would one ust to detect mesenchymal tumor? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What tissue marker would one use to detect hematopoietic tumors? |
|
Definition
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