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| An active system that receives information from the senses, organizes and alters that information as it stores it away, and then retrieves the information from storage |
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| set of mental operations that people perform on sensory information to convert that information into a form that is usable in the brain's storage system |
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| holding onto information for some period of time |
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| getting information that is in storage into a form that can be used |
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information that is automatically processed.
Ex. remembering the route to your school |
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Some information requires attention..
Ex. Remembering a friend's new cell number |
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| a unique and highly emotional moment can give rise to clear, strong, and persistent memory |
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| when your recall is better for the first and last items, but poor for middle items on a list |
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| tendency to forget what the person ahead of us in line has said because we are focusing on what we will say in our upcoming turn to speak |
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| tendency to retain information more easily if we practice it repeatedly than if we practice it in one long session |
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| You ask your little nephew to recite the alphabet he just learned in school. He can only remember "A-B-C" and "X-Y-Z" which is consistent with |
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| organizing items into familiar, manageable units. |
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is the initial recording of sensory information in the memory system, it is extemely short
2 types - iconic memory and Echoic memory |
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| visual sensory memory, lasting only a fraction of a second |
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| the brief memory of something a person just heard |
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new name for short term memory
Capacity is 7 plus/minus 2
short duration- 20-30 seconds |
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| Practice of saying some information to be remembered over and over in one's head in order to maintain it in short term memory |
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| the system of memory into which all the information is placed to be kept more or less permanently |
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| A method of transferring information from Short Term memory into long term memory by making that information meaningful in some way |
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refers to facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare
Semantic- facts general knowledge
episodic- personally experienced events |
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| involves learning an action, and the individual does not know or declare what she knows |
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| Remembering how to ride a bicycle, even though you have not ridden one for years, is an example of __________ memory. |
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| The changes that take place in the structure and functioning of neurons when a memory is formed |
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| Which part of limbic system processes explicit memories into long term memories? |
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| What part of brain processes implicit memories? |
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| remembering everything before but can not make new memories |
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| not being able to remember things from birth till about the age of 2 |
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person is able to identify an item among others
ex. multiple choice tests |
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person must retrieve information using effort
ex. fill in the blank tests |
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| model of memory organization that assumes information is stored in the brain in a connected fashion, with concepts that are related stored physically closer to each other than retrieval cue a stimulus for remembering |
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| are bits of related information we encode while encoding a target piece of information |
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| retrieve a activation of one of the strands associated with the specific memory |
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| the tendency for memory to be improved if related information is available when the memory is formed and also available when the memory is retrieved. |
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| ive experienced this before |
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| You knew classical conditioning in Psyc class last week. When you tried to explain the terms to your girlfriend at a party you totally blanked, but in Psyc class today you remembered it and explained it just fine. This best illustrates: |
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poor encoding
storage decay
retrieval failure |
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| is a retrieval failure phenomenon |
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learning some information may disrupt retrieval of other information
2 types-- proactive and retroactive |
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| Previously learned information interferes with new information |
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| new information interferes with old information |
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| incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event |
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| attributing an event to the wrong source we have experienced, heard, read, or imagined |
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| a condition in which a person's identity and relationships center around a false but strongly believed memory of traumatic experience sometimes induced by well meaning therapists. |
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| While studying you are glancing back and forth at Facebook, Gmail, text messages, lecture and textbook. When you don’t know an answer to a exam question it is most likely because |
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| the tendency to falsely believe, through revision of older memories to include newer information, that could have correctly predicted the outcome of an event. |
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| Repeating something over and over in order to keep it in short term memory is called… |
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| The model of memory which assumes that information which is more “deeply processed” will be remembered more efficiently/longer is called… |
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| levels of processing model |
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| Which type of memory has a seemingly unlimited capacity, but a very short duration (usually less than a second)? |
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| Which type of declarative memory has to do with your memories of personally experienced events |
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| Identifying a suspect from a lineup is what type of retrieval? |
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| You try to recall a certain bit of information on a test, but fail to. However, as soon as you walk back into the room where you studied for the test, you suddenly remember. This appears to be an example of? |
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| When trying to recall the names of people you met at a party, you find that you can remember the names of the first couple people you met, and the last person you met, but not the people you met in the middle of the party. This is called… |
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| Brian went from the U.S., where he grew up, to England. He had a difficult time remembering to drive on the left side of the road. His problem was most likely due to ______. |
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